The jargon of the Yaguas, on the Amazon between Nauta and Pebas, seems to have borrowed from this stock; as: YAGUA. PAMMARY. Sun, _ini_, _saf-iny_. Water, _haha_, _paha_. The neighbors of the Arauas on the river Purus are the _Hypurinas_ (better Jupurinas) of whose language Mr. Chandless also supplies a short vocabulary. It contains a few words in common with the Pammary, but probably only borrowed by both from the Arawak. The following will illustrate the two tongues: PAMMARY. JUPURINA. Sun, _safiny_, _atocanti_. Moon, _massicu_, _cassiri_. Fire, _siju_, _chamina_. Water, _paha_, _iborahai_. River, _wainy_, _weni_. Dog, _djuimahi_, _anguity_. Tortoise, _ú-jurú_, _chetuyu_. Tapir, _dama_, _chama_. The Hypurinas on the Rio Acre (or Aquiri) belong to the same tribe. They are said to be related to the Chacobos and the Piros of the Ucayali. They are without civilization. The women go naked, but the men wear long purple robes, and both sexes pierce the lips and nose. Some agriculture is carried on, but hunting and fishing are the main sources of the food supply.[463] The total number of natives on the Purus and its affluents was estimated by Colonel Labré, in 1885, at 40,000, “speaking forty or more different languages;” but this last assertion we may take with large allowance. Probably not over four or five stocks are represented. The same explorer names nine tribes visited by him on the river Ituxy. They are the: 1, Caccharari; 2, Canamary; 3, Catauxi; 4, Guarayo; 5, Huatanary; 6, Hypurina; 7, Hyuma; 8, Pamana; and 9, Pammary tribes.[464] In this list, as elsewhere, the term _Guarayos_ has no ethnic significance. It is a Tupi word applied in this Spanish form to various wild, uncivilized tribes. _9. The Bolivian Highlands: the Chiquitos, Yurucares, Mosetenas, Tacanas, Samucus, Canichanas and others._ On the Atlantic face of the Cordillera, in the easternmost portion of Bolivia, where the head-waters of the Madeira are known by the names of the Mamore, the Guapai and the Beni, there is an astonishing variety of linguistic stocks. It would seem that the broken remnants of many diverse nations had sought refuge in the deep vales and dense forests of this region.