The Araucanians of Chili, known as singularly bold warriors who defied successfully the Incas, and gave the Spaniards the greatest trouble, occupy the Pacific coast from south latitude 25° to about 43°, and number about 20,000. In physical appearance they resemble the Pampeans, and present marked differences from both the Kechuas of Peru and the Tapuyas of Brazil, having high, brachycephalic skulls,[535] and a clear copper color of skin. They are of moderate stature, but muscular, with black hair, round faces, small eyes, and small feet and hands. They are divided locally into northern and southern tribes, but there is little difference in dialects. Their tongue, the _Chilidungu_, has been extravagantly lauded by some who have studied it, and one worthy missionary was so enamored with it that he published a grammar and dictionary of it in Europe, that it might be introduced as the learned language there, to supersede the Latin:[536] it certainly is harmonious and flexible. The Araucanians did not at any time rise in culture above the level of the Iroquois and Algonquins in the northern continent. It is true that in the tombs in their country we discover fine specimens of pottery, some good work in bronze, gold, copper and silver, and beautiful specimens of polished stone implements.[537] But if one examines closely the art-forms of these relics, he can not fail to recognize in them the potent inspiration of the Inca civilization; and we may be sure that if they were not directly booty from that nation, they were the products of its trained workmen, and are not to be put to the credit of Aucanian industry. AUCANIAN LINGUISTIC STOCK. _Araucanos_, in northern and central Chili. _Aucanos_ or _Aucas_, in the central Pampas. _Chauques_, in the Archipelago of Chiloe. _Chonos_,(?) on Pacific, south of Chiloe. _Cuncos_, in Chili, south of Rio Valdivia. _Divie-ches_, on Rio Colorado. _Guarpes_, near Mendoza. _Huiliches_(southern people), tribes to the south. _Moluches_ (western people or warriors), on Pacific coast. _Pehuenches_ (pine-forest people), east of Cordillera, north of Rio Colorado. _Picunches_ (northern people), north of Pehuenches. _Puelches_ (eastern people), on both banks of Rio Negro. _Querandies_, near site of Buenos Ayres. _Ranqueles_, between Rio Quarto and Rio Quinto. The Pacific coast of Patagonia, gashed by ancient glaciers into deep fiords and rocky islands, harbors various tribes whose affinities are uncertain. The most curious of them would seem to be the _Chonos_ or Chunos, or Cuncones. They lived south of the archipelago of Chiloe, and are described as having red hair, a light olive complexion, and of mild and friendly manners. They raised a breed of dogs (perhaps guanacos), and wove their clothing from its coarse long hair.