[455] W. Chandless, in _Jour. of the Royal Geog. Soc._, Vol. XXXIX., p. 302; Vol. XXXVI., p. 118. [456] _Ibid._, Vol. XXXVI., p. 123, note. [457] The Callisecas are now no longer known by that name; but J. Amich has given sufficient reasons to identify them as the ancestors of the tribe later known as the Setibos. See his _Compendio Historico de la Serafica Religion en las Montañas de los Andes_, p. 29 (Paris, 1854). Lieutenant Herndon, however, who describes them as wearing beards, believed they were the ancient Cashibos (_Exploration of the Valley of the Amazon_, p. 209. Washington, 1853). [458] According to Veigl. See _Mithridates, III._, II. 580, 581, 583. [459] Called also _Mananaguas_, “mountaineers,” and believed by Waitz to have been the _Manoas_ among whom an old missionary found an elder of the tribe rehearsing the annals of the nation from a hieroglyphic scroll (_Anthropologie der Naturvölker_, Bd. III., s. 541). The real Manoas or Manaos belong to the Arawak stock. [460] W. Chandless, in _Journal of the Royal Geographical Society_, Vol. XXXVI., p. 118; Vol. XXXIX., p. 311. [461] _Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde_, Bd. I., s. 414. [462] Von Martius, _Ibid._, p. 422. [463] _Scottish Geographical Magazine_, 1890, p. 242. [464] _Proceedings of the Royal Geog. Society_, 1889, p. 501. [465] Muratori, _Il Cristianesimo Felice_, p. 27 (Venezia, 1743). Father Fernandez gives the names of 69 bands of the Manacicas (_Lettres Edifiantes et Curieuses_, Tom. II., p. 174). [466] A grammar of it has been edited by MM. Adam and Henry, _Arte de la lengua Chiquita_, Paris, 1880. (_Bibliothèque Linguistique Américaine_, Tom. VI.) The sub-divisions of the Chiquitos are so numerous that I refrain from encumbering my pages with them. See D’Orbigny, _L’Homme Américain_, Tom. II., p. 154, and authorities there quoted. [467] Hervas, _Catalogo de las Lenguas Conocidas_, Tom. I., p. 159. [468] Alcide D’Orbigny, _L’Homme Américain_, Vol. I., p. 356, sq. Among the D’Orbigny MSS. in the Bibliothèque Nationale, I found an inedited grammar and dictionary of the Yurucari language. It would be very desirable to have this published, as our present knowledge of the tongue rests on a few imperfect vocabularies. The work is doubtless that by P. la Cueva, mentioned in H. Ludewig, _Lit. of Amer. Aborig. Languages_, p. 206; but the author and editor of that work were in error in classing the Tacana and Maropa as members of the Yurucari stock. They belong to a different family. [469] _L’Homme Américain_, Tom. I., p. 374. [470] _Scottish Geographical Magazine_, 1890. [471] E. Heath, _Kansas City Review_, April, 1883. He gives vocabularies of Tacana and Maropa. A devotional work has been printed in Tacana. [472] _Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society_, 1889, p. 498. [473] De Laet, quoted in _Mithridates_, Th. III., Ab. II., s. 577.