[524] See Von Tschudi, in _Verhand. der Berlin. Anthrop. Gesell._, 1885, s. 184, sqq. This traveler could find no relics of the tongue in the ancient Calchaqui district, which he visited in 1858. The only languages then were Spanish and Kechua (_Reisen_, Bd. V., s. 84). [525] Virchow, in _Verhand. der Berlin. Anthrop. Gesell._, 1884, s. 375. [526] D’Orbigny, _L’Homme Américain_, Vol. II., p. 11. [527] Barcena’s report is published in the _Relaciones Geograficas de Indias_, Peru, Tom. II. [528] Dr. Darapsky remarks that the Araucanians first crossed the Andes into the Pampas about 300 years ago (_La Lengua Araucana_, p. 4, Santiago de Chile, 1888). This is true, but the tribes they found there were members of their own stock. [529] Some have derived these names from the Kechua, _aucca_, enemy; but I am convinced by the examples of Federico Barbara, _Manuel de la Lengua Pampa_, p. 6 (Buenos Aires, 1879), that at any rate the same root belongs to the Araucanian. [530] Dr. Martin de Moussy gives an interesting sketch of these people in the _Annuaire du Comité d’Archæologie Américaine_, 1865, p. 218, sq. [531] The chief source of information on this tribe is Col. Lucio de Mansilla, _Una Escursion á los Indios Ranqueles_, Vol. II. (Buenos Aires, 1870). The name Ranqueles means “thistle people,” from the abundance of that plant in their country. [532] G. Coleti, _Dizionario dell’ America Meridionale_, s. v., _Cuyo_. [533] Valdivia, _Arte de la Lengua Chilena_. Ed. Lima, 1607. [534] Lt. Musters, “On the Races of Patagonia,” in _Journal of the Anthropological Institute_, Vol. I., p. 205. [535] Paolo Riccardi, in _Memoire della Soc. Ethnograf. di Firenze_, 1879, p. 139; also the estimable work of Jose T. Medina, _Los Aborijenes de Chile_ (Santiago, 1882). [536] Bernard Havestadt, _Chilidugu, sive Res Chilenses_ (Westphalia, 1777. Reprint by Julius Platzmann, Leipzig, 1883). [537] Many of these are portrayed in the work of Medina, _Los Aborijenes de Chile_, above referred to. [538] Nicolas del Techo, _Historia Provinciæ Paraquariæ_, Lib. VI., Cap. IX. [539] The Boroas live on the Tolten river, and have blue eyes, a fair complexion, and aquiline noses. Pablo Treuter, _La Provincia de Valdivia y los Araucanos_, p. 52, note (Santiago de Chile, 1861). E. Pöppig, _Reise in Chili und Peru_, Bd. I., s. 463 (Leipzig, 1836). [540] “Mi nombre es Glaura, en fuerte hora nacida, Hija del buen cacique Quilacura De la sangre de Frisio esclarecida.” Alonso de Ercilla, _La Araucana_, Canto XXVIII. Faulkner and others refer to these as the _Cessares_ (_Description of Patagonia_, p. 113, Hereford, 1774). There was such a tribe, and it was made the subject of a Utopian sketch, _An Account of the Cessares_, London, 1764.