[231] Cos, the birthplace of Apelles and Hippocrates, is one of the group of islands called Sporades, off the coast of Caria. Triopium is the promontory terminating the peninsula of Cnidus, the south-west headland of Asia Minor. Cf. _Tibullus_, ii. 3, 57; _Propertius_, i. 2, 1; ii. 1, 5; _Herodotus_, i. 174. [232] Called by the Romans, Aesculapius. He was the god of the medical art, and no doubt Alexander sacrificed to him, and celebrated the games, in gratitude for his recovery from the fever he had had at Tarsus. [233] This plain is mentioned in _Homer_, vi. 201; _Herodotus_, vi. 95. The large river Pyramus, now called Jihan, falls into the sea near Mallus. [234] Mallus was said to have been founded by Amphilochus after the fall of Troy. This hero was the son of Amphiaraüs, the great prophet of Argos, whom Zeus is said to have made immortal. Magarsus, of Megarsa, was the port of Mallus. The difference of meaning between θύειν and ἐναγίζειν is seen from _Herodotus_, ii. 44; Plutarch (_Moralia_, ii. p. 857 D). [235] Usually called the Syrian Gates. See chap. v. note^1 supra. [236] A city on the Gulf of Issus, being a settlement of the Phoenicians. _Herodotus_ (iv. 38) calls the gulf the Myriandric Gulf. Cf. Xenophon (_Anab._, 4). [237] Cf. _Arrian_, vii. 29; _Curtius_, viii. 17. [238] Aeschines tells us in his speech against Ctesiphon (p. 552), that the anti-Macedonian statesmen at Athens at this time received letters from their friends, stating that Alexander was caught and pinned up in Cilicia. He says Demosthenes went about showing these letters and boasting of the news. Josephus (_Antiquities of the Jews_, xi. 7, 3) says that “not only Sanballat at Samaria but all those that were in Asia also were persuaded that the Macedonians would not so much as come to a battle with the Persians, on account of their multitude.” [239] There are two passes by which the eastern countries are entered from Cilicia; one on the south, near the sea, leads into Syria. The other pass lies more to the north, and leads to the country near the Euphrates. The latter was called the Amanic, and the former the Syrian gate. Alexander had just passed through the Syrian gate in order to march against Darius, at the very time that Darius was descending into Cilicia by the Amanic gate, and occupying Issus with his advanced guard. Alexander, who had reached Myriandrus in Syria, made a countermarch to meet Darius. Plutarch (_Alex._, 20) says that they missed each other in the night, which is quite a mistake. [240] Cf. Sallust (_Catilina_, 59); Cæsar (_Bell. Gall._, ii. 25). [241] See Xenophon (_Anab._, iii. 3). [242] At Cunaxa. _Xenophon_ (ii. 2, 6) does not mention the name of the place where the battle was fought, but says that he was informed it was only 360 stadia (about 40 miles) from Babylon. We get the name Cunaxa from Plutarch (_Life of Artaxerxes_, c. 8), who says it was 500 stadia (about 58 miles) from Babylon.