We do not know much about the contents of any part of the world except
our own heads; our knowledge of other regions, as we have seen, is
wholly abstract. But we know our percepts, thoughts, and feelings in a
more intimate fashion.[Pg 320] Whoever accepts the causal theory of perception
is compelled to conclude that percepts are in our heads, for they come
at the end of a causal chain of physical events leading, spatially,
from the object to the brain of the percipient. We cannot suppose that,
at the end of this process, the last effect suddenly jumps back to
the starting-point, like a stretched rope when it snaps. And with the
theory of space-time as a structure of events, which we developed in
the last two chapters, there is no sort of reason for not regarding
a percept as being in the head of the percipient. I shall therefore
assume that this is the case, when we are speaking of physical, not
sensible, location.
It follows from this that what the physiologist sees when he examines a
brain is in the physiologist, not in the brain he is examining. What is
in the brain by the time the physiologist examines it if it is dead, I
do not profess to know; but while its owner was alive, part, at least,
of the contents of his brain consisted of his percepts, thoughts, and
feelings. Since his brain also consisted of electrons, we are compelled
to conclude that an electron is a grouping of events, and that, if
the electron is in a human brain, some of the events composing it are
likely to be some of the "mental states" of the man to whom the brain
belongs. Or, at any rate, they are likely to be parts of such "mental
states"—for it must not be assumed that part of a mental state must
be a mental state. I do not wish to discuss what is meant by a "mental
state"; the main point for us is that the term must include percepts.
Thus a percept is an event or a group of events, each of which belongs
to one or more of the groups constituting the electrons in the brain.
This, I think, is the most concrete statement that can be made about
electrons; everything else that can be said is more or less abstract
and mathematical.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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