The whole of the above discussion of vagueness and accuracy was
occasioned by the attempt to interpret the word "this" when we judge in
verbal memory that "this occurred." The word "this," in such a judgment,
is a vague word, equally applicable to the present memory-image and to
the past occurrence which is its prototype. A vague word is not to be
identified with a general word, though in practice the distinction
may often be blurred. A word is general when it is understood to be
applicable to a number of different objects in virtue of some common
property. A word is vague when it is in fact applicable to a number of
different objects because, in virtue of some common property, they
have not appeared, to the person using the word, to be distinct. I
emphatically do not mean that he has judged them to be identical, but
merely that he has made the same response to them all and has not judged
them to be different. We may compare a vague word to a jelly and
a general word to a heap of shot. Vague words precede judgments
of identity and difference; both general and particular words are
subsequent to such judgments. The word "this" in the primitive
memory-belief is a vague word, not a general word; it covers both the
image and its prototype because the two are not distinguished.*
* On the vague and the general cf. Ribot: "Evolution of
General Ideas," Open Court Co., 1899, p. 32: "The sole
permissible formula is this: Intelligence progresses from
the indefinite to the definite. If 'indefinite' is taken as
synonymous with general, it may be said that the particular
does not appear at the outset, but neither does the general
in any exact sense: the vague would be more appropriate. In
other words, no sooner has the intellect progressed beyond
the moment of perception and of its immediate reproduction
in memory, than the generic image makes its appearance, i.e.
a state intermediate between the particular and the general,
participating in the nature of the one and of the other--a
confused simplification."
But we have not yet finished our analysis of the memory-belief. The
tense in the belief that "this occurred" is provided by the nature of
the belief-feeling involved in memory; the word "this," as we have seen,
has a vagueness which we have tried to describe. But we must still ask
what we mean by "occurred." The image is, in one sense, occurring now;
and therefore we must find some other sense in which the past event
occurred but the image does not occur.
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