Figure 33 shows a fowl with the left abdominal wall and the left thoracic wall removed. No. 1 in this figure shows the base of the heart in front of the left lobe of the liver. Above the liver is the proventriculus; above this, the diaphragm; and above the diaphragm and the base of the heart the left lung occupying the superior part of the thoracic cavity, and that there is no distinct pleural sac, as in mammals but that the lung pushes out between the ribs, thus pressing against the ribs on the inner and the lateral sides. The gizzard is back of the liver, to the left side of the abdominal cavity, and beneath and in front of the duodenal loop. The small intestine from this side is above the gizzard. Supero-anterior to the gizzard is the blind end of the cæcum. The pancreas is within the duodenal loop. [Illustration: FIG. 41.—Transverse section through the body of a hen at 12, Fig. 33. _R_, Right side. _L_, Left side. 1, Spinal cord. 2, Esophagus. 3, Inferior larynx. 4, Base of the heart. 5, Aorta. 6, Vena cava. 7, Lungs. 8, Skin. 9, Pectoral muscles. ] Figure 34 shows the viscera from the right side after the removal of the right abdominal and the right thoracic wall. The base of the heart is in front of the right lobe of the liver. Above these the right lung occupies the upper part of the thoracic cavity as in the preceding illustration. Just back of this is the anterior lobe of the kidney. The gall-bladder is observed at No. 9 on the right lobe of the liver. Just inferior to a longitudinal central line is the duodenal loop, between the limbs of which is seen the pancreas. Above this loop the cæca are located. The gizzard is not visible from the right side; on this side posterior to the liver is the small intestine. Superior to this at No. 7 the rectum. The relative position of the visceral organs in the median line is observed in Fig. 35. No. 1 of this figure shows the stump of the first portion of the esophagus, and No. 2, the left wall of the crop. Following this, and located just below the vertebræ is the second portion of the esophagus. The major portion of the crop is located on the right side. [Illustration: FIG. 42.—Transverse section through the body of a hen at 11, Fig. 33. _R_, Right side. _L_, Left side. 1, Spinal cord. 2, Vertebra. 3, Spinous process of vertebra. 4, Lungs. 5, Esophagus. 6, Pericardial sac. 7, Sectioned surface of heart. 8, Auricle of heart. 9, Blood clot in right auricle. 10, Section of sternum. 11, Pectoral muscles. ]