The anatomy of the domestic fowlKaupp, B. F. (Benjamin Franklyn)
Science
The anatomy of the domestic fowl
Kaupp, B. F. (Benjamin Franklyn)
Poultry -- Anatomy
To summarize, six layers of tissue occur in the funnel region, namely,
an outer serous covering, an outer longitudinal muscular layer, a layer
of connective tissue, an inner circular layer, a second layer of
connective tissue, and an inner mucous layer. The mucous layer is made
up of glands, as follows. The unicellular glands occur between the
ciliated cells of the epithelium. These glands are found only in the
posterior half of this division of the oviduct. The glandular grooves
are made up of an accumulation of gland cells at the bottom of the
grooves between the secondary folds of the epithelium. These are found
in all parts of this division except the extreme posterior part. In the
posterior part we find the third type of glands, the tubular variety.
The second division of the oviduct, as stated above, is the
_albumin-secreting portion_. The funnel division gradually merges into
the second portion. These two portions are distinguishable from each
other. The walls of the albumin-secreting portion are much thicker and
the longitudinal ridges are higher. This section is the longest of the
five divisions, measuring from 40 to 42 centimeters in length, or more
than half the length of the oviduct. The albumin division terminates
rather abruptly into the third division, the isthmus (Fig. 59, _A_).
It is probable that the secretion of albumin is not confined to the
cells of the second division; yet we are safe in saying that the major
portion is formed here. The folds of mucous membrane in this division
are thicker and higher than in the funnel, due to their containing cells
of the high columnar type, and to the fuller development of the glands
which are of the tubular variety. The muscular layer is heavier, and
therefore the muscular power to force along the tubes’ contents is
greater. In the formation of the mucous folds we find, in transverse
sections, that the central core is made up of connective tissue which
carries blood-vessels and nerve filaments, as in other similar glandular
structure. The epithelium contains glandular cells of two varieties,
namely, the ciliated, columnar variety, and the unicellular, goblet
variety (Fig. 36, No. _B_, 2). These two kinds of glandular cells are
rather evenly distributed throughout the epithelium of this section of
the oviduct. The unicellular gland cells are more numerous at the mouths
of the ducts leading from the tubular glands. The nuclei of the ciliated
cells are oval and lie near the middle of the cells or a trifle toward
the base from the middle. The protoplasm of the cells is finely
granular. Strong cilia in considerable number surmount each cell. In
some cases the goblet or mucous cells have pushed apart the ciliated
cells, and their prolongations extend farther than the surface of the
ciliated cells. The nuclei of the goblet cells are round, and lie nearer
the proximal end than those of the ciliated cells.
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