The anatomy of the domestic fowlKaupp, B. F. (Benjamin Franklyn)
Science
The anatomy of the domestic fowl
Kaupp, B. F. (Benjamin Franklyn)
Poultry -- Anatomy
Twelve _air tubules_ have their origin from each common bronchus, or
trunk. Four are given off from the internal wall of the main bronchus by
a series of openings arranged in a row. Seven are given off from the
external wall by a second series similar to that of the first. The
twelfth extends from the inferior wall, and immediately takes a course
downward and outward and communicates with the posterior diaphragmatic
air-sac. This may be considered as the terminal branch of the trunk.
All of these secondary canals, except the last, pass toward the
periphery of the lung. They divide and subdivide at the periphery,
covering it with their ramifications. The canals extending from the
inner wall are distributed to the inferior face of the lung. Those
extending from the outer wall are distributed to the outer face of the
lung. The first constitute the _diaphragmatic_ and the second the
_costal bronchial tubes_.
The four _diaphragmatic bronchial tubes_ are numbered in the order in
which they are given off. The first is carried forward horizontally, the
second transversely inward, the third obliquely inward and backward, and
the fourth directly backward. They have, by some anatomists, been called
the anterior, the internal, and the posterior diaphragmatic bronchial
tubes. There are two posterior diaphragmatic bronchial tubes; the larger
called the great posterior, and the smaller, which passes directly
backward, the small posterior.
The _costal bronchial tubes_, seven in number, are numbered from the
front backward in the order they are given off. Parallel at their
origin, and side by side, like pipes of an organ, they soon spread out
in fan-shape like the preceding. They extend from their central origin
to the periphery. The first extends obliquely upward and inward to the
anterior extremity of the lung. All branches from this bronchus extend
from its anterior wall. The first branches are inflected to reach the
external border of the lung. The succeeding branches are directed
forward and the last forward and inward. They all meet those from the
anterior diaphragmatic bronchus, but do not anastomose with them.
The second, the third, and the fourth costal bronchi extend in a
transverse manner and ramify on the inner border of the lung.
The fifth and the sixth are directed toward the posterior extremity of
the lung. The seventh, very small, reaches this extremity, where it
disappears.
The first costal bronchus is the largest; those following it gradually
become smaller. At their points of origin they adhere closely to the
ribs. They are all imperforate, which is a distinguishing feature from
those occupying the opposite face.
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