FIG. 64.—The splanchnic arteries, veins and nerves. 1, A portion of the left testes. 2, Adrenal gland. 3, Anterior lobe of kidney. 4, Heart. 5, Liver. 6, Second portion of the esophagus. 7, Proventriculus. 8, Gizzard. 9, Spleen. 10, Duodenal loop. 11, Pancreas. 12, Blind extremity of cæcum. 13, Floating portion of small intestine. 14, Rectum. 15, Cloaca. 16, Anus. 17, Celiac axis. 18, Ureter. 19, Vas deferens. 20, Recurrent sinister artery. 21, Anterior recurrent dexter artery. 22, Arteria hepatica dextra. 23, Recurrent esophageal artery. 24, Recurrent intestinalis artery. 25, Ilio-colicus artery. 26, Anterior mesenteric artery. 27, Recurrent branches of the same. 28, Ilio-cœliacus artery. 29, Recurrent superior hemorrhoidal artery. 30, Posterior mesenteric artery. 31, Crural arteries. 32, Sacralis media artery. 33, Recurrent renalis. 34, Middle renal lobe. 35, Posterior renal lobe. 36, Vena mesentericus communis. 37, Vena hemorrhoidalis. 38, Vena pancreatico-duodenalis. 39, Vena proventriculo-leinealis. 40, Vena portalis dextra. 41, Ischiadic nerve. 42, Thoracic sympathetic trunk. 43, Anterior splanchnic plexus. 44, Spinal nerves. 45, Posterior splanchnic nerve plexus. 46, Intestinal nerve trunk. 47, Vena renalis magna. ] The =celiac axis= (Fig. 64, No. 17) originates near the seventh sternal vertebra and to the right of the esophagus, breaks through the diaphragm, and, near this point, gives off a recurrent esophageal (Fig. 64, No. 23). The celiac axis gives off three main branches: The anterior or recurrent dexter, the posterior or recurrent sinister, the recurrent intestinalis, all of which lie to the right of the spleen, under the left lobe of the liver, and along the left side of the stomach. The _recurrent sinister_ (Fig. 64, No. 20) gives arterial branches to the proventriculus, the gizzard, the pyloris, and the left lobe of the liver. The anterior or recurrent dexter (Fig. 64, No. 21) gives off a renal artery and from four to six splenic arteries. The _recurrent intestinalis artery_ (Fig. 64, No. 24) arises on the posterior of the stomach within the duodenal loop, and supplies the duodenum and the pancreas (Fig. 63, No. 7). It gives off a branch, called the recurrent ilio-colicus (Fig. 64, No. 25), which supplies the large intestines, including the cæca. The _arteria hepatica dextra_ (Fig. 64, No. 22) is a branch from the celiac axial trunk. It gives several branches to the right lobe of the liver and to the gall-bladder. The gastric branches pass to the muscles of the stomach. The anterior and posterior recurrent branches often anastomose.