The anatomy of the domestic fowlKaupp, B. F. (Benjamin Franklyn)
Science
The anatomy of the domestic fowl
Kaupp, B. F. (Benjamin Franklyn)
Poultry -- Anatomy
_Polymorphonuclear leucocytes_ with eosinophilic rods (Fig. 74, No. 2)
are round and have a diameter about equal to the length of the
erythrocyte. The nucleus is polymorphous; that is, it has two or more
lobes. The nucleus stains a pale blue, and the chromatin is diffused.
The cytoplasm is colorless with bright red staining spindle-shaped rods.
There are 28 to 32 per cent. of this type of cell in the blood of the
hen.
[Illustration:
FIG. 74.—Blood cells of the fowl. _Wright’s stain._ From a S. C. Rhode
Island Red cockerel. 1, Basophile (mast cell) with lilac staining
spherical granules. 2, Eosinophile with rod-shaped acidophile
bodies. 3 and 4, Eosinophiles with acidophile staining round
granules. 5, Eosinophile ruptured. 6, Mononuclear leucocyte with
vacuoles in the cytoplasm. 7 and 9, Transitional leucocytes (first
stage). 8, Mononuclear leucocyte. 10, 11, and 12, Small lymphocytes.
13 and 14, Large lymphocytes. 15, A lymphocyte. 16, Lymphocyte
(nucleus centrally located). 17 and 18, Transitional leucocyte. 19,
Thrombocyte. 20, Neutrophile (polymorphonuclear). 21, Erythrocytes.
]
Polymorphonuclear leucocytes with eosinophilic granules (Fig. 74, No. 3
and 4) are of about the same shape and size as the preceding. The
nucleus is similar to the former except that it may appear slightly
picnotic. The cytoplasm stains not at all or faintly blue; it contains
round or spherical granules which stain a dull red. There is from 4 to 6
per cent. of this type of eosinophiles found in the domestic fowl.
_Lymphocytes_ are round in shape and of about the diameter of the width
of a thrombocyte (Fig. 74, No. 11). The nucleus is round, staining
somewhat purple, and contains a diffused chromatin material. The
cytoplasm exists in only small amounts; it lies to the side of the
nucleus and stains a pale blue. This is the small lymphocyte. A similar
cell but much larger also exists. This is the large lymphocyte (Fig. 74,
No. 13). There is from 40 to 44 per cent. of the lymphocytes in the
blood of the fowl. The small lymphocytes are most abundant.
_Large mononuclear cells_ (Fig. 74, No. 6) either round or oval, in
shape, whose diameter may be about that of an erythrocyte and at times
much larger. The nucleus may be round, oval, or irregular, and at times
rather crescent or U-shaped (Fig. 74, No. 17). The cytoplasm is abundant
and completely surrounds the nucleus. The cytoplasm stains a paler blue
than the nucleus. Both taking the basic stain as do the lymphocytes.
These constitute 18 to 20 per cent. of the cells of the blood.
_Mast cells_ or _basophiles_ (Fig. 74, No. 1) are of about the same size
and shape as the eosinophiles. The nucleus is round or oval, and stains
a very pale blue. The cytoplasm is colorless, mostly to one side of the
nucleus, and contains round or spherical purple staining granules. This
type of cell constitutes from 2 to 4 per cent. of the white cells of the
blood.
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