The anatomy of the domestic fowlKaupp, B. F. (Benjamin Franklyn)
Science
The anatomy of the domestic fowl
Kaupp, B. F. (Benjamin Franklyn)
Poultry -- Anatomy
In a few birds special touch and taste perception can be supplied by the
edge and point of the beak.
In the skin of birds are found numerous sensory nerve endings for
tactile sense.
The sensory nerves, which provide the sense of touch, usually terminate
in one of two forms. The first are the Herbst’s bodies, which in many
respects are similar to the Picinian bodies.
Herbst’s _touch corpuscles_ are found on all parts of the skin; they are
especially numerous in the region of the tail and of the wing. In the
wing they are particularly numerous in the region of the flight
feathers. They occur in large numbers in the periosteum of the anterior
tibial region and in the mucous membrane of the cloaca and of the
generative organs. They are numerous in the conjunctiva and on the
surface of the tongue. They are also found in the gums and in the beak.
Herbst’s corpuscle is made up of a central fiber-shaped part with a
smooth extension of the axis cylinder of its nerve (Fig. 29, _G_). This
central fiber is surrounded by a peculiar protoplasmic body. Outside of
this there is a double row of cubical cells which surround the axial
part. These are close together. Outside of these there occurs a
concentric lamellar layer, which contains cells. In the periphery these
lamellæ become more distinct and contain larger but fewer cells. The
capsule is made up of very thin layers, which are continued into the
perineural layer. Each body contains a thin outer zone. The nerve fiber
passes in a regular manner from the axis cylinder, the myelemma, and the
sheath of Schwann, and as a delicate nerve twig is surrounded by a
sheath consisting of several perineural layers. As it enters the center
of the touch corpuscle, it loses its myeline sheath near the base of the
body, and the terminal fiber becomes flattened. Its rim is directed
toward the two rows of cubical cells, and it ends in a rounded knob.
The touch corpuscles are the largest in the mucous membrane of the
cloaca and smallest in the skin. Hess has found these touch corpuscles
in the large filiform papillæ on the side of the tongue and a few on its
lower surface. They are also found in the soft skin of the edges and
inner borders of the beak.
STRUCTURE OF APPENDAGES
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