The anatomy of the domestic fowlKaupp, B. F. (Benjamin Franklyn)
Science
The anatomy of the domestic fowl
Kaupp, B. F. (Benjamin Franklyn)
Poultry -- Anatomy
The following method may be used for _staining embryos_: Dilute
Delafield’s hematoxylin with four times its volume of water. To every 6
cubic centimeters of this diluted hematoxylin, add one drop of
Kleinenberg’s undiluted picrosulphuric acid, and leave specimen in the
fluid thus prepared until it is stained through. This will require from
one to three hours. Now pass up through the series of alcohols to 70 per
cent. Next extract the excessive stain with 1 per cent. hydrochloric
acid in 70 per cent. alcohol. Wash repeatedly with 70 per cent. alcohol
to free from the acid; then transfer the specimen to 80 per cent.
alcohol and leave in this for several hours for complete removal of the
acid; then transfer to 95 per cent. alcohol for thirty minutes. Allow
the specimen to remain in absolute alcohol for one hour. Introduce a
layer of oil of cloves or xylol beneath the alcohol. This may be done by
gradually allowing the fluid to run down the side of the bottle. After
the embryos have sunk into the oil and begun to appear transparent,
remove the fluid and add fresh oil. After the specimen is sufficiently
transparent, mount in balsam, supporting the cover slip so that it will
not rest on the embryo.
In staining for section, place the embryo in borax carmine from the 50
per cent. alcohol and leave twelve hours. Then wash in 50 per cent.
alcohol; after which transfer to 70 per cent. alcohol for six hours.
Clarify in oil of cedar or oil of cloves, and place in melted paraffin
for two hours. Imbed in paraffin, and section.
Embryos may be hardened, imbedded, and sectioned after the usual
methods, using either paraffin or celloidin, and the sections stained
with hematoxylin and eosin after sectioning.
POINTS TO BE OBSERVED IN THE STUDY
1. THE EMBRYO TWENTY-NINE TO THIRTY-FOUR HOURS OLD WITH FROM TEN TO
FOURTEEN SOMITES.
A study of the egg.
In opening the egg, observe that the shell membranes are double.
Observe that the shell is porous.
Note the air cell at the large end of the egg and note that the space or
cell lies between the outer and the inner shell membrane.
After the egg contents have dropped into the salt solution, note
extending from the ends of the yolk the twisted denser cords of albumen.
These are the chalazæ, which act as stays to the yolk. Note that the
yolk is surrounded by a delicate membrane. This is the vitelline
membrane. The yolk is the true ovum and serves as food for the
developing embryo.
A study of the living embryo.
Note the amount of yolk that is covered by the blastoderm. Note the
slipper-shaped, transparent center of the blastoderm. This is the area
pellucida. In the center of this there is a narrow white streak. The
area opaca is the area lying external to the area pellucida. In this
there is the area vasculosa.
A study of the embryo entire, including the vascular area.
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