The muscles may be studied in groups as outlined in the text. Make an incision through the skin down to the bone on the superior part of the head, parallel and close to the base of the upper mandible, and extending completely across. From the outer end of this make an incision backward and down to the skull and posteriorly. The muscles of the upper part of the neck will then be exposed. The straight incision should extend to about a half inch on the inside of the upper eyelid of the same side. Reflect the flap of skin from the top of the skull, and carefully examine the under side of it in the median line, where it overlies the frontal region. The dermo-frontalis will be observed if it be present. In many birds, especially in females, it may not be discernible, and may be considered absent. To expose the circumconcha make an incision completely around the ear; then carefully dissect to the ear base. A dermal circular muscle should be observed. To expose the dermo-temporalis extend the longitudinal incision down the back of the neck to a point between the clavicular heads, carrying it just through the skin and about one-fourth of an inch to the side of the median line. Remove the skin from the throat and the anterior portion of the chest. Lay open the alar and parapatagial duplicatures of the skin. This exposes a number of dermal muscles. The dermo-temporalis is now observed to extend from a small depression just above and anterior to the temporal fossa. It makes slight attachments to the temporal muscle, which it covers, and extends backward as a thin ribbon-shaped muscle, the fibers blending with those of the cleido-trachealis, and becomes lost upon the skin in front and opposite the shoulder-joint. At times its fibers blend with those of the dermo-tensor patagii. As the musculature of the fowl is loosely arranged, the rest of the dissection is easily done if care be exercised. The ligaments may be dissected after the completion of the study of muscles, using the same subject or, a two pound broiler be prepared by killing in the gas chamber, plucking the feathers and parboiling just till the flesh becomes tender and is easily removed, it will be observed that all structures can be removed from the points exposing the ligaments distinctly. The ligaments appear swollen and more easily observed for study.