The Anatomy of the Human Peritoneum and Abdominal Cavity: Considered from the Standpoint of Development and Comparative AnatomyHuntington, George S. (George Sumner)
Science
The Anatomy of the Human Peritoneum and Abdominal Cavity: Considered from the Standpoint of Development and Comparative Anatomy
Huntington, George S. (George Sumner)
Abdomen; Peritoneum
Compared with the human liver it will be noted that the area of
diaphragmatic adhesion is much less developed. The dorsal surface of the
right lobe to the right of the postcava is peritoneal, there being no
extension laterad of the right coronary and triangular ligaments. The
postcava enters the liver in a special prolongation of the liver
substance (caval lobe).
The boundaries of the Spigelian recess and the lines of attachment of
the gastro-hepatic omentum correspond to the human arrangement.
RELATION OF THE HEPATIC PERITONEUM TO THE "LESSER SAC."
_Foramen of Winslow._--We have previously seen that the rotation of the
stomach and the further growth of the dorsal mesogastrium lead, in the
first instance, to the formation of the "lesser peritoneal cavity." This
cavity is in fact primarily the retrogastric space created by the
transverse position of the stomach, augmented by the cavity of the
omental bursa developed from the dorsal mesogastrium.
We have now to consider the additional boundaries of this space
contributed by the peritoneal connection of the lesser curvature with
the liver.
The lesser omentum follows, of course, along its gastric attachment to
the lesser curvature the general direction of the stomach, passing from
the cardia transversely downwards and to the right. We distinguish the
two layers of the adult membrane as ventral and dorsal, which meet in
the free right edge and include between them the main structures
entering and leaving the liver at the transverse fissure, viz.: the
portal vein, hepatic artery and bile-duct.
The lesser omentum therefore prolongs the plane of the stomach cephalad
towards the liver and thus forms the continuation of the ventral
boundary of the lesser peritoneal sac. We can now consider the line of
its hepatic attachment in the light of the facts previously adduced, and
combine the same with the line of gastric attachment to the lesser
curvature. Fig. 282 shows the foetal liver and stomach in their relative
position in the dorsal view, and Fig. 283 gives the lines of the
peritoneal reflections. The vertical segment of the omentum, occupying
the fissure for the ductus venosus, passes to the cardiac part of the
lesser curvature, its ventral layer covering the ventral and left side
of the oesophagus, while its dorsal layer passes to the dorsal and right
side of the oesophagus at its entrance into the stomach. The transverse
segment of the omentum, attached on the liver to the portal or
transverse fissure, accedes to the pyloric part of the lesser curvature.
Of course the ventral and dorsal layers of the omentum are continuous
with the serous visceral investment of the ventral and dorsal surfaces
of the stomach.
[Illustration: FIG. 282.--Dorsal view of human liver and stomach in
foetus at term, showing lines of hepatic and gastric attachment of lesser
omentum.]
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