The secondary parietal peritoneum derived from the ventral layer of the ascending mesocolon covers the lower and inner portion of the ventral surface of the right kidney, the infra-colic division of the descending and the dextro-mesenteric segment of the transverse duodenum, while along the root of the jejuno-ileal mesentery it becomes continuous with the right layer of that membrane. The secondary parietal peritoneum derived from the ventral layer of the descending colon covers the lower part of the ventral surface of the left kidney and the sinistro-mesenteric segment of the transverse duodenum and becomes continuous along the mesenteric radix with the left layer of the jejuno-ileal mesentery. Caudad the adhesion of the descending colon and mesocolon to the parietal peritoneum proceeds only to the point _C_, following the dotted line mesad and resulting in the formation of the free mesocolon of the sigmoid flexure. =Resume of the Adult Arrangement of the Human Peritoneum in the Lower Compartment of the Abdomen, Below the Level of the Transverse Colon and Mesocolon.=--We should now consider the arrangement of the human peritoneum in the adult below the dorsal attachment of the transverse mesocolon in the light of the embryological and comparative anatomical facts just stated. In doing this it will be advisable to study both the actual conditions encountered and their significance in the sense of determining the derivation of the peritoneal layers from the primitive dorsal mesentery. Open the abdominal cavity in the usual manner by a cruciform incision. Turn the great omentum up on the chest wall, exposing the underlying intestines. This manipulation, as already stated, will cause the omentum to carry the transverse colon with it, on account of the adhesion, in the adult, of the gut to the dorsal layer of the omentum. Hence the cephalic or upper layer of the transverse mesocolon will not be seen at this stage because the omental adhesion just referred to prevents us from passing between the greater curvature of the stomach and the transverse colon without tearing peritoneal layers. It will, however, be possible to trace on the right side the duodenum from the pylorus down ventrad of the right kidney until the descending portion disappears behind the hepatic flexure of the colon. With the omentum and transverse mesocolon turned up, as stated, and the transverse mesocolon put upon the stretch, it will be seen that the abdominal space now overlooked is bounded cephalad by the lower layer of the transverse mesocolon and its attachment to the dorsal abdominal wall. The lateral limits of the space are given by the ascending and descending colon respectively. The attachment of the mesentery of the small intestine to the oblique line extending from the left of the vertebral column at about the level of the second lumbar vertebra to the right iliac fossa subdivides the entire space into a secondary right and left compartment.