1. Mammals with _one_ pancreatic duct, either connected with the bile-duct or entering the intestine independently: Monkeys, most rodents (except the beaver), marsupials, carnivora (except dog and hyena), many ungulates (pig, peccary, hyrax, etc.), most ruminating artiodactyla. (_a_) The pancreatic duct joins the common bile-duct before entering the duodenum in the monkeys, marsupials, carnivora, in the sheep, goat and camel. The point of entrance of the combined duct into the intestine varies. In some forms it is near the pylorus, in others at some distance from the same. The common opening is situated 11/2" to 2" beyond the pylorus in carnivora, and one foot behind the same point in the goat and sheep. (_b_) The pancreatic duct does not join the bile-duct, but empties separately into the intestine, in most rodents and in the calf and pig. In the calf the pancreatic duct opens into the duodenum 15' beyond the bile-duct and 3' beyond the pylorus. In the pig the pancreatic opening is 5"-7" beyond that of the bile-duct and 6"-8" behind the pylorus. 2. Mammals with _two_ pancreatic ducts, of which one usually joins the bile-duct: perissodactyla (except the ass according to Meckel), elephant, beaver, several carnivora, dog, hyena, and according to Bernard the cat. In the perissodactyla the proximal of the two pancreatic ducts empties, either combined with the bile-duct, or separate from it, but very close to it, 3"-4" behind the pylorus. The second distal duct is smaller and opens several inches further down. [Illustration: FIG. 198.--_Necturus maculatus_, mud puppy. Dissection of intestinal canal, liver, pancreas, and spleen, with blood-vessels injected. (Columbia University Museum, No. 1863.)] [Illustration: FIG. 199.--Pancreas and pancreatic ducts of rabbit. (Nuhn.)] In most rodents the pancreatic entrance is placed at some distance from the pylorus. Fig. 199 shows the arrangement of the parts in the rabbit, in which animal the main distal pancreatic duct empties at a distance of 13"-14" from the pylorus into the end of the duodenum, which intestine forms a very long loop, while the biliary duct, receiving the smaller proximal pancreatic duct, opens near the pylorus. In the _beaver_ the smaller proximal duct joins the bile-duct or even enters the duodenum anterior to the bile-duct, nearer the pylorus, while the distal larger pancreatic duct opens into the intestine 16"-18" behind the biliary duct. Of the two ducts found in the dog (Fig. 200) the smaller proximal either joins the bile-duct or opens into the intestine close to it, 1" to 11/2" beyond the pylorus. The larger distal duct opens into the duodenum 1" to 11/2" behind the biliary duct. Fig. 201 shows the dog's stomach and proximal portion of the duodenum in section. The proximal smaller pancreatic duct here joins the biliary duct, and opens with it by a single orifice into the duodenum. The distal larger pancreatic duct opens independently into the intestine further caudad.