The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons, and Ornaments, of Great Britain and Ireland.Evans, John
History
The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons, and Ornaments, of Great Britain and Ireland.
Evans, John
Bronze age -- Great Britain; Bronze age -- Ireland; Great Britain -- Antiquities
I have already expressed a doubt whether the celt from Tadcaster,
Yorkshire, and now in the British Museum, had, when found, the bronze
ring with a jet bead upon it passing through the loop. The ring itself
is made not of one continuous piece of metal, but of stout wire, with
the ends abutting against each other, and nothing would be easier for
the workman who found the three objects than to pass the ring through
the loop of the celt and the hole of the bead. I have myself received
from Hungary two socketed celts, each having imperfect penannular
bracelets passed through the loop in the same manner, though they
certainly had no original connection with the celts. It is, however,
but right to mention that in the British Museum is the upper part of a
celt with an octagonal neck, found with other objects near Kensington,
on the loop of which is a small ring, barely large enough to encircle
the loop. Of what service this could have been it is difficult to
imagine.
If the association of the larger rings and the celts must be given up,
it is needless to cite the opinions which have been held as to the use
of the one in connection with the other. Some references are given in
the note.[551]
The early Iron Age of Denmark is no doubt considerably later in date
than that of Hallstatt, but in several of the discoveries of objects
of that period in Denmark socketed celts of iron have been found still
attached to their helves. In the Nydam find[552], described by Mr.
Conrad Engelhardt, the majority of the axes were of the ordinary form,
with eyes for the shafts; but there were some also of the form of the
socketed celt, though without any loops. These were mounted as axes,
and not as adzes, on crooked handles about 17 inches long. The helves
of axes of the ordinary form were from 23 to 32 inches in length. In
the Vimose find[553] there were several of these iron celts, one of
which was thought to have been mounted on a crooked handle, but the
others appear to have been mounted as chisels.
The palstaves with the edges transverse to the septum between the
side flanges seem to have been mounted in precisely the same manner
as those of the ordinary form, except that when attached to their
handles they formed adzes, and not axes. It has been suggested[554]
that the palstaves of the ordinary form may also have been mounted as
adzes, and probably this was so in some exceptional cases. Mention has
already been made of some Italian helves with transverse notches for
the reception of the blade. Some of the flat celts may have also been
mounted as adzes by binding them against the shorter end of an L-shaped
handle, in the same manner as the Egyptians fixed their adze blades.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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