The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons, and Ornaments, of Great Britain and Ireland.Evans, John
History
The Ancient Bronze Implements, Weapons, and Ornaments, of Great Britain and Ireland.
Evans, John
Bronze age -- Great Britain; Bronze age -- Ireland; Great Britain -- Antiquities
Looking at the widespread distribution of perforated stone implements,
especially battle-axes, throughout Europe, it seems strange that
so few bronze weapons of the same class should be found. Possibly,
however, these stone weapons may have remained in use even until the
latter part of the Bronze Period, as they certainly did through the
earlier part of it. In this country it seems doubtful whether any of
the perforated battle-axes of stone belong to a time when bronze was
absolutely unknown, as bronze knife-daggers, like Fig. 279, have so
often been found associated with them in interments. Hungary is the
country in which the perforated bronze battle-axes seem to have arrived
at their fullest development, many of them being of graceful form and
beautiful workmanship. The perforated copper implements of that country
were probably used for agricultural purposes, and I see no reason for
assigning them to so early a date as the commencement of the Bronze
Period of Hungary. They may, indeed, belong to a much later period.
It is hard to account for this absence of perforated axes of bronze
in Britain, but various causes seem to have conduced to render their
introduction difficult. When first bronze came into use it must have
been extremely scarce and valuable; and to cast an axe-head in bronze,
like one of the perforated axe-hammers of stone, would have required
not only a considerably greater amount of the then precious metal than
was required for a flat hatchet-head, but would also have involved
a far higher skill in the art of casting. Moreover, the flat form
of these simple blades rendered them well adapted for being readily
drawn out to a sharp cutting edge, and when once they had come into
general use they would not have been readily superseded by those of
another form, hafted in a different method, even were that method more
simple. If the bronze celts were mainly in use for peaceful industries,
while the warlike battle-axes were made of stone, the progressive
modifications in the shape of the former would be less likely to
be affected by the characteristics of the latter. It must also be
remembered that in France,[562] which then as now set the fashion to
Britain, perforated axe-heads of stone were very seldom used, and those
of bronze were in the north of the country unknown.
But, to return to the celts of the British Islands, there can, I think,
be but little doubt that the loop is, as already described, connected
with the method of mounting these instruments on their hafts; and is
not intended for the attachment of a cord, by which they might be
withdrawn and recovered after they had been thrown at the enemy. Like
the American tomahawks, they may, no doubt, have occasionally been used
as “missile hatchets,” the “missiles secures” of Sidonius;[563] but
the days of young Sigimer, whose followers were provided with these
weapons, are many centuries more recent than those to which the bronze
celts must be referred.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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