(M20) Seleucus Nicator. He reigned twenty years. (M21) Antiochus Soter, nineteen. (M22) Antiochus Theos, fifteen. (M23) Seleucus Callinicus, twenty. (M24) Seleucus Ceraunus, three. (M25) Antiochus the Great, thirty-six. (M26) Seleucus Philopator, twelve. (M27) Antiochus Epiphanes, brother of Seleucus Philopator, eleven. III. The Kingdom of Macedonia. (M28) Macedonia frequently changed its masters, after the solemn partition had been made between the four princes. Cassander died three or four years after that partition, and left three sons. Philip, the eldest, died shortly after his father. The other two contended for the crown without enjoying it, both dying soon after without issue. (M29) Demetrius Poliorcetes, Pyrrhus, and Lysimachus, made themselves masters of all, or the greatest part of Macedonia; sometimes in conjunction, and at other times separately. (M30) After the death of Lysimachus, Seleucus possessed himself of Macedonia, but did not long enjoy it. (M31) Ptolemy Ceraunus having slain the preceding prince, seized the kingdom, and possessed it but a very short time, having lost his life in a battle with the Gauls, who had made an irruption into that country. (M32) Sosthenes, who defeated the Gauls, reigned but a short time in Macedonia. (M33) Antigonus Gonatas, the son of Demetrius Poliorcetes, at length obtained the peaceable possession of the kingdom of Macedonia, and transmitted it to his descendants, after he had reigned thirty-four years. (M34) He was succeeded by his son Demetrius, who reigned ten years, and then died, leaving a son named Philip, who was but two years old. (M35) Antigonus Doson reigned twelve years in the quality of guardian to the young prince. (M36) Philip, after the death of Antigonus, ascended the throne at the age of fourteen years, and reigned something more than forty. (M37) His son Perseus succeeded him, and reigned about eleven years. He was defeated and taken prisoner by Paulus Emilius; and Macedonia, in consequence of that victory, was added to the provinces of the Roman empire. IV. The Kingdom of Thrace, and Bithynia, &c. This fourth kingdom, composed of several separate provinces very remote from one another, had not any succession of princes, and did not long subsist in its first condition; Lysimachus, who first obtained it, having been killed in a battle after a reign of twenty years, and all his family being exterminated by assassinations, his dominions were dismembered, and no longer constituted one kingdom. Beside the provinces which were divided among the captains of Alexander, there were others which had been either formed before, or were then erected into different states, independent of the Greeks, whose power greatly increased in process of time. Kings of Bithynia