The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 1 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
History
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 1 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
To the east of the Great Glen the Scottish Highlands display a vast
succession of crystalline schists, the true stratigraphical relations
of which to the Lewisian gneiss have still to be determined, but which,
taken as a whole, no one now seriously doubts must be greatly younger
than that ancient rock. Murchison first suggested that the quartzites
and limestones found in this newer series are the equivalents of
those of the North-West. This identification may yet be shown to be
correct, but must be regarded as still unproved. Traces of fossils
(annelid-pipes) have been found in some of the quartzites, but they
afford little or no help in determining the horizons of the rocks.
In Donegal, where similar quartzites, limestones and schists are
well developed, obscure indications of organic remains (corals and
graptolites) have likewise been detected, but they also fail to supply
any satisfactory basis for stratigraphical comparison.
Essentially the schists of the Scottish Highlands east of the Great
Glen consist of altered sedimentary rocks. Besides quartzites and
limestones, there occur thick masses of clay-slate and other slates
and schists, with bands of graphitic schist, greywacke, pebbly grit,
quartzite, boulder-beds and conglomerates. Among rocks that have been
so disturbed and foliated it is necessarily difficult to determine the
true order of succession. In the Central Highlands, however, a certain
definite sequence has been found to continue as far as the ground has
yet been mapped. Were the rocks always severely contorted, broken and
placed at high angles, this sequence might be deceptive, and leave
still uncertain the original order of deposition of the whole series.
But over many square miles the angles of inclination are low, and the
successive bands may be traced from hill to hill, across strath and
glen, forming escarpments along the slopes and outliers on the summits,
precisely as gently-undulating beds of sandstone and limestone may be
seen to do in the dales of Yorkshire. It is difficult to resist the
belief, though it may, perhaps, be premature to conclude, that this
obvious and persistent order of succession really marks the original
sequence of deposition. In Donegal also a definite arrangement of
the rock-groups has been ascertained which, when followed across the
country, gives the key to its geological structure.[60]
[Footnote 60: _Geol. Survey Memoirs: Geology of N.W. Donegal_, 1891.]
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