The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 1 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
History
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 1 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
Having looked with some care for a trace of a true volcanic neck in
the district, I have not seen anything that could be unhesitatingly so
designated. Even in the north-western part of the district, where the
breccias are coarsest, and there is least trace of ordinary sediments,
some signs of bedding can usually be detected in the position of the
imbedded stones and the partings of finer tuff. Both the coarser and
finer detritus suggest the kind of material discharged from vents
before the uprise of any lava. The entire absence of scoriaceous
fragments is noteworthy, and the abundance of slate blocks rather
points to the early eruptions of a volcanic focus. Possibly, while the
chief centre of eruption lay towards the north-west, numerous vents may
have been opened all over the district, discharging abundant showers
of dust and stones, but seldom or never culminating in the actual
outpouring of lava.
No indubitable lava-sheet has, in my judgment, been yet recognized in
Charnwood Forest. Various opinions have been expressed as to some of
the more compact close-grained rocks, and even the verdicts of the same
observers have varied from time to time, the rocks once considered as
felsites being afterwards regarded as tuffs, and subsequently placed
with the felsites or andesites after all. It is not necessary for my
present purpose to enter into these questions, which are rather of
local interest. I will only say that, in my opinion, the rocks of
Sharpley, Peldar, and Bardon Hill are massive rocks, as they have
finally been classed by Messrs. Hill and Bonney. But I cannot look upon
them as lavas, at least I have seen no evidence to lead me to believe
that they were ever erupted at the surface. I have fully considered
the arguments of Mr. Hill and Professor Bonney on this point.[79]
There can, I think, be no doubt of the close association of these
felsitic rocks and the breccias, but the structure of the rocks in
the field seems to me to be decidedly in favour of the view expressed
above. The microscope affords no assistance in the question.[80] The
doubtful rocks seem to me rather to be intrusive masses which have
been protruded into the volcanic sedimentary series among which they
rise. They are acid, fine-grained, porphyritic rocks, which would
formerly have been included under the general name of felsites or
quartz-porphyries. Their coarse porphyritic parts rapidly pass into
close-grained felsitic material. Many of the blocks in the breccias are
precisely like parts of these rocks. It might hence be asserted that
these fragmental deposits are later than the eruptive bosses. At least
it is obvious that rocks of the same type as those of Sharpley, Peldar,
and Bardon Hill must have been disrupted to produce the coarse breccias.
[Footnote 79: _Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc._ xlvii. (1891), pp. 80-88.]
[Footnote 80: See Messrs. Hill and Bonney, _op. cit._ xxxiv. (1878), p.
211.]
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