The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 1 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
History
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 1 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
A characteristic feature of this volcanic district is the occurrence
in it of sills and irregularly-intruded masses of "greenstone." Under
that name are comprised basalts, dolerites, andesitic dolerites with
tachylitic modifications, as well as diabases and gabbros.[187] Some of
these rocks exhibit a variolitic structure. As regards age, some of the
intrusions appear to have taken place before the tilting, cleavage and
faulting of the strata. They have not been noticed in the surrounding
Upper Silurian strata, and we may perhaps infer that here, as at
Builth, they are of Lower Silurian date. Mr. Cowper Reed, however, is
inclined to regard the large Strumble Head masses as later than the
tilting and folding of the rocks.[188]
[Footnote 187: Mr. Cowper Reed, _op. cit._ p. 180.]
[Footnote 188: _Op. cit._ p. 193.]
A few miles to the south-west of the Fishguard district, on the coast
of Abereiddy Bay, good sections have been laid bare of the volcanic
rocks of this region. Dr. Hicks has shown that the bands of tuff
there displayed are intercalated among the black slates of the Lower
Llandeilo group, and that there was probably a renewal of volcanic
activity during the deposition of the upper group.[189] But the
volcanic history of this area still remains to be properly investigated.
[Footnote 189: _Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc._ xxxi. (1875), p. 177.]
In southern Pembrokeshire two conspicuous bands of eruptive rocks
have long been known and described. Their general characters and
distribution were sketched by De la Beche,[190] and further details
were afterwards added by Murchison.[191] As traced by the officers
of the Geological Survey, they were represented as consisting of
"greenstone," "syenite" and "granite." The more northerly band was
shown to run in a nearly east and west line from Lawrenny to the Stack
Rock, west of Talbenny, a distance of about fourteen miles. The second
band, placed a short way farther south, stretches in the same general
line, from Milford Haven at Dall Road into Skomer Island, a distance of
about seven miles.
[Footnote 190: _Trans. Geol. Soc._, 2nd ser. vol. ii. (1823), p. 6 _et
seq._]
[Footnote 191: _Silurian System_, p. 401 _et seq._]
The relations of these rocks to the surrounding formations and their
geological age have been variously interpreted. De la Beche regarded
the different masses as intrusive, and probably later than even the
adjoining Coal-measures.[192] Murchison, on the other hand, considered
the bedded eruptive rocks of Skomer Island to be undoubtedly lavas
contemporaneous with the strata among which they are intercalated.[193]
[Footnote 192: _Mem. Geol. Survey_, vol. i. p. 231.]
[Footnote 193: _Silurian System_, p. 404.]
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