The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 1 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
History
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 1 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
One of their most striking features is the frequency and remarkable
development of their flow-structure. Not merely as a microscopic
character, but on such a scale as to be visible at a little distance on
the face of a cliff or crag, this structure may be followed for some
way along the crops of particular flows. The darker and lighter bands
of devitrification, with their lenticular forms, rude parallelism and
twisted curvature, have been compared to the structure of mica-schist
and gneiss. One aspect of this structure, however, appears to have
escaped observation, or, at least, has attracted less notice than it
seems to me to deserve. In many cases it is not difficult to detect,
from the manner in which the lenticles and strips of the flow-structure
have been curled over and pushed onward, what was the direction in
which the lava was moving while still a viscous mass. By making a
sufficient number of observations of this direction, it might in some
places be possible to ascertain the quarter from which the several
flows proceeded. As an illustration, I would refer to one of the
basement-felsites of Snowdon, which forms a line of picturesque crags
on the slope facing Llanberis. The layers of variously-devitrified
matter curl and fold over each other, and have been rolled into balls,
or have been broken up and enclosed one within the other (Fig. 55).
The general push indicated by them points to a movement from the
westward. Turning round from the crags, and looking towards the west,
we see before us on the other side of the deep vale of Llyn Cwellyn,
at a distance of little more than three miles, the great dome-shaped
Mynydd-mawr, which, there is every reason to believe, marks one of the
orifices of eruption. It might in this way be practicable to obtain
information regarding even some of the vents that still lie deeply
buried under volcanic or sedimentary rocks.
That these felsites were poured forth in a glassy condition may be
inferred from the occurrence of the minute perlitic and spherulitic
forms so characteristic of the devitrification of once vitreous rocks.
Mr. Rutley was the first who called attention to this interesting
proof of the close resemblance between Palæozoic felsites and modern
obsidians, and other observers have since confirmed and extended his
observations.[203]
[Footnote 203: _Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc._ vol. xxxv. (1879), p. 508.]
[Illustration: Fig. 55.--Flow-structure in the lowest felsite on the
track from Llanberis to the top of Snowdon. Length about 4 feet, height
2½ feet.]
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