The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
Science
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
Besides the common arrangement of fine-grained edges and a more
coarsely crystalline centre, instances are found where one of the
contrasted portions of a dyke traverses the other in the form of veins.
Of these, I think, there are two distinct kinds, probably originating
in entirely different conditions. In the first place, they may be of
coarser grain than the rest of the rock; but such a structure appears
to be of extremely rare occurrence. I have noticed some examples on the
coast of Renfrewshire, where strings of a more coarsely crystalline
texture traverse the finer-grained body of the rock. Veins of this kind
are probably of the same nature as the so-called "segregation-veins,"
to be afterwards referred to as of frequent occurrence among the
thicker Tertiary sills. They consist of the same minerals as the
rest of the rock, but in a different and more developed crystalline
arrangement, and they contain no glassy or devitrified material, except
such portions of that of the surrounding groundmass as may have been
caught between their crystalline constituents.
The second kind of veins, which, though not common, is of much more
frequent occurrence than the first, is more particularly to be met with
among the broader dykes, and is distinguished by a remarkable fineness
of grain, sometimes approaching the texture of felsite or jasper, and
occasionally taking the form of actual glass. Such veins vary from
half an inch or less, up to four or five inches in breadth. They run
sometimes parallel with the walls of the dyke, but often irregularly
in all directions, and for the most part avoid the marginal portions,
though now and then coming up to the edge. They never extend beyond
the body of the dyke itself into the surrounding rock. Though they
have obviously been injected after the solidification of the rock
which they traverse, they may quite possibly be extrusions of a deeper
unconsolidated portion of the same rock into rents of the already
stiffened overlying parts. The field-geologist cannot fail to be struck
with the much greater hardness of these fine-grained veins and strings
that ramify through the coarsely crystalline dolerite, andesite or
other variety of the broader dykes. He can readily perceive in many
cases their more siliceous composition, and the inferences he deduces
from the rough observations he can make in the field are confirmed by
the results of chemical analysis (see p. 137).
In connection with veins of finer material, that may belong to a late
stage of the consolidation of the general body of a dyke, reference may
be made here to the occasional occurrence of patches of an exceedingly
compact or homogeneous texture immersed in the usual finely crystalline
marginal material. They look like angular and subangular portions of
the more rapidly cooled outer edge, which have been broken off and
carried upward by the still moving mass in the fissure.[165]
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