The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
Science
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
Exceedingly slag-like lavas are to be seen among the amygdaloids,
immediately preceded and followed by beds of compact black basalt
with few or no vesicles. From the manner in which such rocks yield
to the weather, they often assume a singularly deceptive resemblance
to agglomerates. One of the best examples of this resemblance which
have come under my notice is that of the rock on which stands Dunluce
Castle, on the north coast of Antrim. Huge rounded blocks of a harder
consistency than the rest of the rock project from the surface of
the cliffs, like the bombs of a true volcanic agglomerate, while the
matrix in which they are wrapped has decayed from around them. But an
examination of this matrix will soon convince the observer that it is
strongly amygdaloidal, and that the apparent "bombs" are only harder
and less cellular portions of it. The contrast between the weathering
of the two parts of the rocks seems to have arisen from an original
variety in the relative abundance of steam-cavities. The origin of
such nodular or pillow-like blocks has been already referred to at
pp. 26 and 193. Another singular instance occurs at the foot of the
outlier of Fionn Chro (Fig. 360), in the island of Rum. A conspicuous
band underlying the basalts there might readily be taken for a
basalt-conglomerate. But in this case, also, the apparent matrix is
found to be amygdaloidal, and the rounded blocks are really amygdales,
sometimes a foot in length, filled or lined with quartz, chalcedony, &c.
A somewhat different structure, in which, however, the appearance
of volcanic breccia or agglomerate due to explosion from a vent is
simulated, may be alluded to here. The best instance which I have
observed of it occurs at the south end of Loch-na-Mna, in the island of
Eigg, within a basalt which is remarkable for a streaky flow-structure.
On the weathered faces the streaky layers may be observed to have
been broken up, and their disconnected fragments have been involved
in ordinary basalt wherein this flow-structure is not developed,
while large blocks and irregular masses are wrapped round in a more
decomposing matrix. There can be no doubt that in such cases we see the
effects of the disruption of chilled crusts, and the entanglement of
the broken pieces in the still fluid lava.
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