The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
Science
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
Each bed appears, on a cursory inspection, to retain its average
thickness, and to be continuous for a long distance. But I believe that
this persistence is in great measure deceptive. We can seldom follow
the same bed with absolutely unbroken continuity for more than a mile
or two. Even in the most favourable conditions, such as are afforded by
a bare sea-cliff on which every sheet can be seen, there occur small
faults, gullies where the rocks are for the time concealed, slopes of
debris, and other failures of continuity; while the rocks are generally
so like each other, that on the further side of any such interruption,
it is not always possible to make sure that we are still tracing the
same bed of basalt which we may have been previously following. On
the other hand, a careful examination of one of these great natural
sections will usually supply us with proofs that, while the bedded
character may continue well marked, the individual sheets die out, and
are replaced by others of similar character. Cases may not infrequently
be observed where the basalt of one sheet abruptly wedges out, and is
replaced by that of another. Where both are of the same variety of
rock, it requires close inspection to make out the difference between
them; but where one is a green, dull, earthy, amorphous amygdaloid,
and the other is a compact, black, prismatic basalt, the contrast
between the two beds can be recognized from a distance (Fig. 261). In
the basaltic cliffs of the west coast of Skye, the really lenticular
character of the flows can be well seen. I may especially cite the
great headland south of Talisker Bay, already referred to, where, in
the pile of nearly horizontal sheets, two beds may be seen to die out,
one towards the north, the other towards the south. Further north,
in the cliff of the Hoe of Duirinish, a similar structure presents
itself. Along the coast-cliffs of Mull, Morven and Canna the same
fact is clearly displayed. Thus on the west side of the Sound of Mull
the slopes above Fishnish Bay show a group of basalts, which die out
southward, and are overlapped by a younger group that has been poured
over their ends. Such sections are best seen in the evening, when the
grass-covered lavas show their successive sheets by their respective
shadows, their individuality being lost in the full light of day. A
more striking example occurs beyond the west end of Glen More in Mull,
where one series of basalts has been tilted up, probably during some
volcanic episode, and has had a younger series banked up against its
edges.
[Illustration: Fig. 261.--Termination of Basalt-beds, Carsaig, Mull.]
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