The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
Science
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
As a rule the agglomerate is a tumultuous, unstratified mass. But in
many places it shows lines of bedding and, as already stated, passes
outward into ordinary bedded tuff, the number and size of the ejected
blocks rapidly diminishing. Where this transition occurs we seem to
see a remnant of the base of the actual volcanic cone. Thus, in the
most westerly vent already cited, while the wall of the vent has been
laid bare on the side next the sea, so that the agglomerate on the
beach descends vertically through the surrounding bedded tuffs, on the
western side the cliffs have preserved a portion of the material that
accumulated outside the orifice (Fig. 187). In this section we observe
that the coarse agglomerate which fills up the main part of the vent
has been left with a hummocky, uneven surface, and that a subsequent
and perhaps feebler eruption of finer material has covered over these
inequalities, and has extended to the left above the fine tuffs through
which the agglomerate has been drilled.
[Illustration: Fig. 187.--Section of part of a volcanic neck on shore
to the south-east of Poyll Vaaish Bay, Isle of Man.]
[Illustration: Fig. 188.--Section of successive discharges and
disturbances within a volcanic vent. Scarlet Point, Isle of Man.]
Again, in the largest of the vents, that near Scarlet Point, still
clearer proof of successive eruptions and dislocations within a
volcanic chimney may be noticed. At one point the accompanying section
(Fig. 188) has been laid bare by the waves. The oldest accumulation is
a fine green granular tuff (_a_), rudely and faintly arranged in layers
inclined at high angles, like the fine materials in many of the vents
of the basin of the Firth of Forth. This peculiar stratification, due
not to the assortment of materials in water, but to the deposition of
coarser and finer detritus by successive explosions, and to subsequent
slipping or tilting, is a characteristic feature of the detritus which
has filled up ancient volcanic funnels. A later explosion from some
adjacent part of the same vent has given rise to the discharge of a
coarse agglomerate (_b_), which with blocks sometimes six feet long,
overspreads the earlier material. A third detrital accumulation in the
same vent, consisting of a firm brecciated tuff (_c_) with much calcite
in its matrix, has been brought down by a slip (_f_) which cuts across
both of the previous deposits. A broad dyke (_d_) of vesicular diabase
(augite-porphyry) traverses the vent, and is probably later than any of
the other rocks in the section.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account