The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
Science
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
In parts of its course, this second band appears to run so perfectly
parallel with the bedding of the strata between which it lies that the
observer would readily believe it to be a part of the same series of
deposits, and might therefore regard it as affording good evidence of
volcanic action contemporaneous with the formation of these deposits.
A transverse section of the bed, where thus apparently conformable, is
shown in Fig. 197.
[Illustration: Fig. 197.--Section of a bed of Volcanic Breccia in the
Carboniferous Slate; White Bull Head, County Cork.
1 1. Sandstones and shales; 2. Breccia.]
[Illustration: Fig. 198.--Volcanic Breccia invading and enclosing
Carboniferous Slate, White Bull Head.]
Further examination, however,reveals that this seemingly regular
sequence is entirely deceptive. At various points the breccia abruptly
truncates the sandstones, and involves large pieces of them, as shown
in Fig. 198 A. At other places, the lower side of the breccia, or what
would be its base if it were a regular bed, cuts out the strata and
sends veins into them (B). And the same structure is visible, on its
upper side, or what would be its top (C).
It is clear that these highly-inclined bands of breccia are not
contemporaneous with the deposition of the Carboniferous Slate, but
have been introduced into their position at some time subsequent
not only to the deposition, but to the disturbance and elevation of
the strata. The peninsula of White Bull Head is crossed by several
other similar bands. On Black Bull Head, also, together with abundant
felsitic and doleritic intrusions, a similar breccia or agglomerate
is to be seen. In some parts it is compact in texture with spheroidal
flinty lumps, and weathers somewhat like a nodular felsite. This
variety ends off rather abruptly to the north, but swells out
southward, and then runs out into a high, narrow headland, in which
it contains asbestos, as well as rounded crystals of hornblende. It
has here disrupted the shales and sandstones, and near the junction
is largely composed of fragments of them, the strata themselves being
jumbled, bent, and broken up.
The only semblance of a neck-like mass of this volcanic fragmental
material occurs on White Bull Head, where one of the bands expands
about the centre of the ridge, and is there full of large blocks of
grey sandstone. The breccia appears to have filled fissures which have
been opened between the bedding planes of the highly tilted strata,
giving rise to long narrow dyke-like intercalations. We have seen that
among the Carboniferous volcanic phenomena such dyke-like masses of
agglomerate occasionally present themselves in the vents both of the
plateaux and the puys.
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