The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)Geikie, Archibald
Science
The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, Volume 2 (of 2)
Geikie, Archibald
Volcanoes -- Great Britain
But the most frequent form assumed by the lava in the necks is that
of veins or dykes running as wall-like bands through the tuff or
agglomerate. Many admirable examples may be cited from the shore
between Largo and St. Monans. Two illustrations of them are given in
Figs. 219 and 221. In Fig. 219 the dyke is about four feet broad, and
is seen to present the common transverse jointing as it pursues its
way through the tuff. White veins of calcite along its margin serve to
define its limits. Its position in reference to the general body of the
neck is shown in the ground-plan Fig. 224. The second instance (Fig.
221) is that of a dyke of basalt only one foot wide, which runs like a
wall up the agglomerate of the Kincraig neck near Elie. It is seen at
the bottom of the cliff projecting from the agglomerate; but higher up
it has decayed, leaving its fissure as a gaping chasm. Here the general
character of the pyroclastic material is well brought out. One or two
large blocks may be seen imbedded in it, the largest lying above where
the dyke bends away to the left.
The intruded masses vary in breadth from mere threadlike veins up to
dykes several yards in breadth, which sometimes expand into large
irregular lumps. They generally consist of some form of basalt; now
and then, as at Ruddon Point, near Elie, they are amygdaloidal; and it
may be observed among them, as among dykes in general, that where the
amygdaloidal texture is developed, it is apt to occur most markedly in
the central part of the vein, the amygdales running there in one or
more lines parallel with the general trend of the mass.
That the basalt of these veins and dykes was sometimes injected in an
extremely liquid condition is shown by its frequently exceedingly close
homogeneous texture. Within the neck on the shore to the west of Largo,
the basalt assumes in places an almost flinty character, which here and
there passes into a thin external varnish of basalt-glass. A farther
indication of the liquidity of the original rock seems to be furnished
by the great number of included extraneous fragments here and there to
be observed in the basalt.
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