The Animal Parasites of ManFantham, Harold Benjamin
Science
The Animal Parasites of Man
Fantham, Harold Benjamin
Medical parasitology
The nucleus of a living specimen is surrounded by a hyaline, strongly
refractile chromidial mass, arranged in the form of a ring. Chromatin
stains colour it darkly.
_Asexual multiplication_ (fig. 13, _b_), which takes place in fæces,
follows a similar course to that of allied forms (_e.g._, _Euglypha_,
_Centropyxis_). It commences by the cytoplasm issuing from the
orifice of the shell and assuming the shape characteristic of the
mother organism, but in a reverse position. The nucleus then divides
by mitosis, when the daughter nuclei move apart from one another.
The chromidial ring also divides into two portions by a process of
dumb-bell like constriction. The one daughter nucleus remains in the
mother organism, the other moves towards the daughter individual, which
then separates from the parent.
[Illustration: FIG. 13.--_Chlamydophrys enchelys._ _a_, free, motile
form, showing nucleus, equatorial granules, vacuoles and pseudopodia;
_b_, dividing organism. × 760. (After Cienkowski.)]
In this species plasmogamic union of two or more individuals (up
to twenty) is frequently observed. Such colonies may similarly
divide, and in this way monstrosities frequently arise. When drying
of the fæces, or deficiency of food occurs, encystment takes place
apparently spontaneously. The whole body, as stated by Cienkowski,
issues from the shell, assumes a spherical shape (probably with
discharge of water) and becomes surrounded with a thick membrane
(fig. 14). After the addition of water and the escape of the encysted
_Chlamydophrys_, a new shell must be formed. Schaudinn, who has not
given a more detailed description of the process of encystment in
this species, but refers to Cienkowski and to similar observations
made on _Centropyxis_, states of the latter that the encystment takes
place within the shell.
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