very improbable, the river in question being no cooler than any other. I venture to urge a derivation different from any of the above, viz., from the Celtic _caoill_ (wood) and _dur_ (water). That Celts, the Brigantian clan, lived in this locality is an historic fact, the proofs of which need not be here adduced. The Calder beck as soon as it issues from the spring in Cliviger Dene flows by a long stretching sweep of woodland, and farther on among the hills of Yorkshire, a broader and a nobler stream, pursues its course for miles through dense primeval forests, among which may be mentioned the once famous forest of Hardwick. Its precipitous banks were clothed with no mere hazel coppice, but with vast masses of the more majestic oak and ash and birch, woodland in its wilder and more imposing form. Even to-day, though most of the primeval forest has been cut down, and manufacturing villages have sprung up on the ancient sylvan sites, the tourist starting above Todmorden would not, in a walk of thirty miles by the river side, be able to lose sight of the picturesque and far-stretching belts of woodland scenery. It is yet emphatically the _Caoill-dur_, the water winding through the woods. Of course, in this case the Saxons took up the word as they found it in use among the conquered Celts. Then, to strengthen this conjecture, the very first tributary brook on the north--of size and importance, at least, to give a name to the valley--joining the parent stream is the Colden or Caldene, which probably is the _Caoill-dene_, the woodland valley. The reader will judge how accurately the word describes this lonely mountain glen when he is told that at a distance the eye can scarcely catch a flash of the waters of this stream as they hurry down this wild sylvan region, so thickly is it overshadowed by a forest of ash and birch. A topographical word derived from two languages is rare in this part, and when we come across one it is generally a Saxon grafted on the more primitive Celtic name of mountain or river. Colden or Caldene is probably an instance to the point. That _caoill_ was contracted to, or commonly pronounced, _cal_ may be pretty safely supposed, when we know that in the Latinised form or transformation it became _cal_, as in Caledonii, that is, _Caoill-daoin_, the people inhabiting the woods. The reader will perceive that _caoill_ is closely akin to the Greek κᾶλον, also signifying a wood.