Evolution (Biology); Glacial epoch; Human beings -- Origin; Human evolution
When I examined "the parallel roads" in 1825, in company with Dr.
Buckland, neither this glacier theory nor Mr. Darwin's suggestion of
ancient sea-margins had been proposed, and I have never since revisited
Lochaber. But I retain in my memory a vivid recollection of the
scenery and physical features of the district, and I now consider the
glacier-lake theory as affording by far the most satisfactory solution
of this difficult problem. The objection to it, which until lately
appeared to be the most formidable, and which led Mr. Robert Chambers
in his "Sea Margins," to reject it entirely, was the difficulty of
conceiving how the waters could be made to stand so high in Glen Roy as
to allow the uppermost shelf to be formed. Grant a barrier of ice in the
lower part of the glen of sufficient altitude to stop the waters from
flowing westward, still, what prevented them from escaping over the col
at the head of Glen Glaster? This col coincides exactly in level, as Mr.
Milne Home first ascertained, with the second or middle shelf of Glen
Roy. The difficulty here stated appears now to be removed by supposing
that the higher lines or roads were formed before the lower ones, and
when the quantity of ice was most in excess. We must imagine that at the
time when the uppermost shelf of Glen Roy was forming in a shallow lake,
the lower part of that glen was filled up with ice, and, according to
Mr. Jamieson, a glacier from Loch Treig then protruded itself across
Glen Spean and rested on the flank of the hill on the opposite side in
such a manner as effectually to prevent any water from escaping over the
Glen Glaster col. The proofs of such a glacier having actually existed
at the point in question consist, he says, in numerous cross striae
observable in the bottom of Glen Spean, and in the presence of moraine
matter in considerable abundance on the flanks of the hill extending
to heights above the Glen Glaster col. When the ice shrank into less
dimensions the second shelf would be formed, having its level determined
by the col last mentioned, Glen Spean in the meantime being filled with
a glacier. Finally, the ice blockage common to glens Roy, Spean, and
Laggan, which consisted probably of a glacier from Ben Nevis, gave rise
to the lowest and most extensive lake, the waters of which escaped over
the pass of Muckul or the col at the head of Loch Laggan, which, as Mr.
Jamieson has now ascertained: agrees precisely in level with the lowest
of all the shelves, and where there are unequivocal signs of a river
having flowed out for a considerable period.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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