The distinct purposes of the two different kinds of eyes may not perhaps be yet determined with certainty, but Pastor Schönfeld (whom Von Berlepsch employs to write those sections of his own work that relate to the senses of bees, as being "beyond doubt the best-informed of apiarians on these subjects") gives a decided opinion that the stemmata serve only for the most distant objects, while the compound eyes, which are much more highly refractive, become available when closer at hand. Thus these eyes, which we compared to telescopes, are credited with the _least_ of telescopic power, and serve for nearer observation after all. How much nearer, however, we are not yet in a position to say, and nothing need be withdrawn of what is stated above as to the far-sightedness of bees. The compound eyes are assumed to be also serviceable in the twilight, and thus to afford some vision in the interior of a hive. It is worth mentioning, as a rare compliment from a German to an English apiarian, that Schönfeld declares the best anatomical description of the eyes of our insect to be given by Samuelson in his work, "The Honey Bee."[19] [Footnote 19: The compliment belongs doubtless to Dr. Hicks, to whom the anatomical portion of that work is presumably due.] The mouth of the bee is a most complex structure, marvellously adapted for its duties, and consists of the labrum, or upper lip, with the mandibles, or upper gills, and of the labium, or lower lip, which is made up of the ligula or tongue, also called the proboscis, the labial palpi, and the paraglossæ, together with the maxillæ, or lower gills--we adopt this word "gills" from the German for want of a better. The jaws open vertically, but the mandibles, maxillæ, and palpi work horizontally, and serve as pincers or scissors. The mandibles are the two side pieces which constitute the working portion of the upper jaw. Fig. 1 _d_ in Plate I. shows the mandible of the queen, which, like that of the drone (Fig. 3 _d_), is provided with two teeth, whilst the mandible of the worker (Fig. 2 _d_) is without teeth. This last having to manipulate the wax with smoothness, the teeth would doubtless be objectionable. These mandibles are strong, horny, and sharp-pointed, to assist in breaking down food, and in other respects constitute serviceable tools for seizing their enemies, ejecting the drones, etc.