The Appendages, Anatomy, and Relationships of TrilobitesRaymond, Percy E. (Percy Edward)
Science
The Appendages, Anatomy, and Relationships of Trilobites
Raymond, Percy E. (Percy Edward)
Trilobites
Forty genera of Ordovician trilobites known from entire specimens were
tabulated, and it was found that the range in the number of segments
in the thorax and pygidium was surprisingly large. _Agnostus_, which
was not included in the table, has the fewest, and _Eoharpes_, with
29, the most. While the range in number of segments in the thorax is 2
to 29, the range of the number in the pygidium, 2 to 26, is almost as
great. A species of _Dionide_ has 26 in the pygidium, while
_Remopleurides_ and _Glaphurus_ have evidence of only 2. The average
number of segments in the thorax for the forty genera was 10.15, in
the pygidium 8.81, and the average number for the trunk 19.
Genera with just 19 segments in the trunk appear to be rare in the
Ordovician, a species of _Ampyx_ being the only one I have happened to
notice. _Calymene_, _Tretaspis_, _Triarthrus_, _Asaphus_, _Ogygites_,
and _Goldius_ come with the range of 18 to 20. _Goldius_, with 10
segments in the thorax and (apparently) 8 in the pygidium, comes
nearest to the averages for these two parts of the trunk. _Goldius_,
_Amphilichas_, _Bumastus_, _Acidaspis_, _Actinopeltis_, and
_Sphærexochus_ are among the genera having 10 segments in the thorax,
and there are many genera which have only one or two segments more or
less than 10.
In most Ordovician genera, thirty-five out of the forty tabulated, the
number of segments in the thorax is fixed, and the variation is in any
case small. In four of the five genera where it was not fixed, there
was a variation of only one segment, and the greatest variation was in
_Pliomerops_, where the number is from 15 to 19. This of course
indicates that the number of segments in the thorax tends to become
fixed in Ordovician time. The variation in the number of segments in
the pygidium is, however, considerable. It is difficult in many cases
to tell how many segments are actually present in this shield, as it
is more or less smooth in a considerable number of genera. Extreme
cases of variation within a genus are found in _Encrinurus_, species
of which have from 7 to 22 segments in the pygidium, _Cybeloides_ with
10 to 20, and _Dionide_ with 10 to 26. As the number in the thorax
became settled, the number in the pygidium became more unstable, so
that not even in the Ordovician can the total number of segments in
the trunk be said to show any tendency to become fixed.
The genera used in this tabulation were: _Eoharpes_, _Cryptolithus_,
_Tretaspis_, _Trinucleus_, _Dionide_, _Raphiophorus_, _Ampyx_,
_Endymionia_, _Anisonotus_, _Triarthrus_, _Remopleurides_,
_Bathyurus_, _Bathyurellus_, _Ogygiocaris_, _Asaphus_, _Ogygites_,
_Isotelus_, _Goldius_, _Cyclopyge_, _Amphilichas_, _Odontopleura_,
_Acidaspis_, _Glaphurus_, _Encrinurus_, _Cybele_, _Cybeloides_,
_Ectenonotus_, _Calymene_, _Ceraurus_, _Pliomera_, _Pliomerops_,
_Pterygometopus_, _Chasmops_, _Eccoptochile_, _Actinopeltis_,
_Sphærexochus_, _Placoparia_, _Pilekia_, _Selenopeltis_, and
_Calocalymene_.
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