[288:17] Quoted from Naegeli: _Die Mechanisch-physiologische Theorie der Abstammungslehre_, by Friedrich Paulsen, in his _Introduction to Philosophy_. Translation by Thilly, p. 103. [294:18] Berkeley: _Op. cit._, p. 273. [294:19] _Op. cit._, Vol. I, pp. 272-273. [295:20] _Op. cit._, Vol. III, p. 278. [297:21] _Op. cit._, Vol. III, p. 249. [299:22] Plato: _Theaetetus_, 167. Translation by Jowett. [299:23] See § 121. [300:24] Schopenhauer: _Op. cit._ Translation by Haldane and Kemp, Vol. I, pp. 253-254. [301:25] See Plato: _Republic_, Bk. I, 338. [302:26] Paulsen: _Op. cit._, p. 423. [304:27] Schopenhauer: _Op. cit._ Translation by Haldane and Kemp, p. 532. [304:28] Berkeley: _Op. cit._, Vol. II, p. 138. [305:29] For an interesting characterization of this type of religion, cf. Royce: _Spirit of Modern Philosophy_, p. 46. [305:30] James: _The Will to Believe_, p. 141. CHAPTER X ABSOLUTE REALISM[306:1] [Sidenote: The Philosopher's Task, and the Philosopher's Object, or the Absolute.] § 148. No one has understood better than the philosopher himself that he cannot hope to be popular with men of practical common-sense. Indeed, it has commonly been a matter of pride with him. The classic representation of the philosopher's faith in himself is to be found in Plato's "Republic." The philosopher is there portrayed in the famous cave simile as one who having seen the light itself can no longer distinguish the shadows which are apparent to those who sit perpetually in the twilight. Within the cave of shadows he is indeed less at his ease than those who have never seen the sun. But since he knows the source of the shadows, his knowledge surrounds that of the shadow connoisseurs. And his equanimity need not suffer from the contempt of those whom he understands better than they understand themselves. The history of philosophy is due to the dogged persistence with which the philosopher has taken himself seriously and endured the poor opinion of the world. But the pride of the philosopher has done more than perpetuate the philosophical outlook and problem; it has led to the formulation of a definite philosophical conception, and of two great philosophical doctrines. The conception is that of the _absolute_; and the doctrines are that of the _absolute being_, and that of the _absolute self_ or _mind_. The former of these doctrines is the topic of the present chapter.