MATTER, 225, 228; and space, 229; Berkeley's refutation of, 275 ff.; in Plato and Aristotle, 334. MECHANICAL THEORY, practical significance of its extension to the world at large, 20; in cosmology, 161, 225; of Descartes, 231; of Newton 232; of origin of cosmos, 242; of life, 244; in Spinoza, 336. METAPHYSICS, relation to epistemology, 150; relation to ethics, 151, 196 ff.; definition of, 158; relation to logic, 188; relation to theology, 207; present tendencies in, 399 ff., 408. MILL, J. S., 283 (_note_). MIND, explanation of in naturalism, 237, 247 ff.; of God, in Berkeley, 284, 294, 296; absolute, 349 (_note_), 358, 382 ff. Also see under SELF, and SOUL. MODE, in Spinoza, 313. MONADS, in Leibniz, 338. MONISM, 159, 163. MORALITY, and religion, 73; grounds of, according to Kant, 356; incentive to, 422. MYSTICISM, general account, 171; Schopenhauer's, 290; types of religions, 391. NAEGELI, C. v., quoted, 287. NATURAL SCIENCE, true relations of, with philosophy, 116; sphere of, with reference to philosophy, 117 ff.; philosophy of, its procedure, 121, 135, 142, 154, 401; origin of, as special interest, 123 ff.; human value of, 126, 127, 143; method and fundamental conceptions of, 406, 128 ff.; general development of, 134; limits of, because abstract, 136 ff., 414; validity of, 142; logic and, 188; development of conceptions in, 229 ff.; grounds of, according to Kant, 355, 377; Hume on, 377; permanence and progress in, 395 ff. NATURAL SELECTION, 204, 245. NATURALISM, chap. viii; general meaning, 217, 223 (_note_), 399; claims of, 239; task of, 241; criticism of, 117, 257, 263; of present day, 405, 412. Also see under MATERIALISM, and POSITIVISM. NATURE, 160, 244, 337; in Berkeley, 294; in Spinoza, 317, 338; in Hegel, 363; in Kant, 377 ff.; in contemporary philosophy, 401. Also see NATURAL SCIENCE, and NATURALISM. NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS, 242. NECESSITY, of will, 211; ethics of, 342; religion of, 393. NEO-FICHTEANS, 402, 403 (_note_). NEO-KANTIANS, 403. NEWTON, 232, 235, 242, 355, 377. NORMATIVE SCIENCES, the, 180. OMAR KHAYYAM, quoted, 16; as a philosopher-poet, 36. ONTOLOGICAL PROOF, of God, 200. ONTOLOGY, 159. OPTIMISM, 104, 388, 422, 424. PANPSYCHISM, 176, 238, 285 ff. PANTHEISM, in primitive religion, 78; general meaning, 205; types of, 390. PARKER, THEODORE, quoted on religion, 67. PARMENIDES, and rationalism, 168; philosophy of, 308 ff., 337; and Aristotle, 336. PATER, WALTER, on Wordsworth, 38; on Cyrenaicism, 260; on subjectivism, 270. PAULSEN, FRIEDRICH, ethics of, quoted, 302. PEARSON, KARL, quoted, 230. PERCEPTION. See SENSE-PERCEPTION. PERSONAL IDEALISM, 404, 405.