SECULARISM, of Shakespeare, 34; of Periclean Age, 320; of present age, 427. SELF, problem of, 216; proof of, in St. Augustine, 372; proof of, in Descartes, 374; deeper moral of, 387; in contemporary philosophy, 411, 413. Also see SOUL, and MIND. SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS, essential to human life, 6; development of conception of, 371 ff.; in absolute idealism, 383; in idealistic ethics, 386. SENSATIONALISM, 247, 255, 269. SENSE-PERCEPTION, 168, 247, 269, 370; being as, in Berkeley, 281. SHAKESPEARE, general criticism of, 30 ff.; his universality, 31; lack of philosophy in, 33. SHELLEY, quoted on poetry, 50. SOCIAL RELATIONS, belief inspired by, analogue of religion, 62; imagination of, extended to God, 101. SOCRATES, rationalism of, 169; and normative science, 180; ethics of, 192, 194; method of, 321 ff. SOPHISTS, the, epistemology of, 165; scepticism of, 271, 320; ethics of, 298, 301; age of, 320. SOUL, the, in Aristotle, 208; in Plato, 209; as substance, 209; intellectualism and voluntarism in theory of, 210; immortality of, 212; Berkeley's theory of, 284. Also see under MIND, and SELF. SPACE, importance in science, 130; and matter, 229. SPENCER, 236 (_note_), 243, 265. SPINOZA, and Goethe, 51; quoted on philosophy and life, 153; philosophy of, 306, 311 ff.; criticism and estimate of, 315 ff.; and Plato, 318, 335; and Aristotle, 336; epistemology of, 339; ethics of, 342; religion of, 348, 392, 393. SPIRIT, the absolute, 358 ff. SPIRITUALISM, general meaning, 176, 267 (_note_); in Berkeley, 280, 292; in Schopenhauer, 285; criticism of, 288; objective, 292. STEVENSON, R. L., quoted on religion, 67. STOICISM, ethics of, 342; religion of, 348. SUBJECTIVISM, chap. ix; general meaning, 175, 218, 267 (_note_), 415; in æsthetics, 190; of Berkeley, 275 ff.; universalization of, in Schopenhauer, 290; criticism of, 297, 415; ethics of, 298 ff.; in absolute idealism, 368; of present day, 409. SUBSTANCE, spiritual, 209, 284; material, Berkeley's refutation of, 275 ff.; Spinoza's conception of, 311; the infinite, in Spinoza, 312; Aristotle's conception of, 334; Leibniz's conception of, 338. SYMBOLISM, in religion, 75. TELEOLOGY, in cosmology, 161; proof of God from, 204; Spinoza on, 318; in Plato, 326 ff., 336; in Aristotle, 336. THEISM, 205. THEOLOGY, relation to religion, 98; in philosophy, 199 ff.; relation to metaphysics, 207. THOMSON, J., quoted, 104. THOUGHT, and life, 6 ff.; as being, in Hegel, 361 ff. THUCYDIDES, on thought and action, 429. TIME, importance in science, 130. TRANSCENDENTALISM, 177, 349 (_note_), 356. See IDEALISM, absolute. TYNDALL, 115. UNIVERSAL, scientific knowledge as, 125, 139.