[273] A curious illustration of the mixed stock of the Scottish Lowlanders is furnished in a charter of Malcolm IV., which is addressed to the bishops, abbots, priors, barons, and king's lieges in general, whether French, English, Scots, or Galwegians, and describes the inhabitants of the burgh of St. Andrews as Scots, French, Flemings, and Englishmen.--_Lib. Cart. Prior. Sancti Andree_, p. 193. [274] _Vide_ Biblio. Topog. Britan. vol. ii. Part 3, for a learned controversy "On brass arms and other antiquities of Scotland," in a series of letters between Sir John Clerk and Mr. Gale.--Reliquiæ Galeanæ, pp. 226-232. [275] Vol. xxxii. Plates IX. X. XII. [276] Journal of Archæological Association, vol. v., p. 350. [277] Itinerar. Septent., p. 118. Sir Robert Sibbald also engraves one with a handle, perfect and more elegant than the former, but he gives no description of it further than naming it a sword of brass. [278] Stephens' Travels in Yucatan, vol. i. p. 178. [279] Primeval Antiquities of Denmark, p. 41. [280] Primeval Antiquities, p. 138. [281] "A large Description of Galloway, by Mr. Andrew Symson," p. 83. App. vol. ii. Hist. of Galloway from the earliest period to the present time. Kirkcudbright, 1841. [282] Primeval Antiquities of Denmark, p. 41. CHAPTER III. PRIMITIVE BRONZE. Among the various means of arriving at definite truths in relation to primitive works in metal, that of chemical analysis has not been lost sight of, and a number of ascertained results are now on record. Before proceeding to examine in detail the relics of this second period, it will be useful to glance at the bearings of this branch of scientific evidence on the general question.