it went along the inside of the _agger_, on which a row of houses of the first century had been built. It has been found at intervals in several places, one of which is close to the house of Mæcenas. Another branch of an early aqueduct has been found in the tufa rock behind the houses, near the great church of S. Maria Maggiore, on a high level, at the south end of some great building of the first century, or earlier, which was formerly called the _Porticus Liviæ_ and an account of it was published under that name, but the fragment of the Marble Plan of Rome, with the plan of that building and the name upon it, clearly shews this to have been an error. The _Macellum Livianum_, or meat-market of Livia, was found in these excavations near the arch of Gallienus, but there is no connection between the _Macellum_ and the _porticus_, which is represented as an oblong platform, with steps up to it at one end, and with a grand double colonnade all round it. Nothing like this was found near the _Macellum_, and as the earth was carried away to the depth of several feet, if it had been there it must have been found. In the third century, when nearly all the temples in the Forum were rebuilt, the great public building which forms the north end of that Forum (by whatever name it may be called), was also very much altered in many ways; the main fabric, at the west end, is still original, as it was in the time of Varro, when it was justly mentioned as one of the oldest buildings in Rome. But in the interior great alterations were made, and amongst these, at the west end of the Ærarium (or bank-vaults as they might have been called), the arrangement was entirely altered; the public treasury was transferred to the imperial offices on the Palatine, in what are called the palaces of the Cæsars, and at the west end of the Ærarium an aqueduct was introduced, with a reservoir and a well. A _specus_ of brickwork of the third century is visible, but to which aqueduct it belonged is not easily ascertained; from its level it would agree with the Marcia; it is not high enough for the Anio Novus carried over the bridge of Caligula, though that must have passed near this point; and it is too high for the Anio Vetus, although remains of this have been found also at a short distance; but on lower ground, under, and at the back of a wine-shop in the Via del Consolazione, but quite at the east end of it, and near the corner of the steps that ascend from it to the door of the Municipio, on the level of the Tabularium, a reservoir that must have belonged to that aqueduct has been found, and the _specus_ traced at the back, parallel to the street, apparently cut out of the tufa rock. Two doors further from the steps the _specus_ is again visible at the back of the shop; and at the same point, but going in an opposite direction, a subterranean passage, which also appears to be cut in the tufa rock, going in the direction of the Piazza del Campidoglio, and said to go as