6. JULIA[244] (B.C. 34). This source is on the cross-road from Grotta Ferrata to Marino, on the old Via Latina, 14 miles from Rome, and also 2 from the Via Latina (there are still washing-places at each of these two sources). The two streams, when they arrived on the level ground at the foot of the hill, were carried on the same arcade as the Marcia for 6 miles into Rome. 7. AUGUSTA[245]. This name is a mistake of the artist for Aurelia; it is the aqueduct made by Marcus Aurelius for the Villa de Quintilii on the old Via Appia, and united with the Severiana to supply the Thermæ Aurelianæ et Severianæ in Rome. 8. ANIO NOVUS[246] (A.D. 52). “The source of this is 42 miles from Rome, on the Via Sublacensis; the length of the channel is 58 miles 700 paces, of which 49 miles 300 paces are underground, 9 miles 400 paces above ground, 2 miles 3 paces in the upper part and near the City, 609 paces on substructure, 6 miles 491 paces on an arcade of the highest arches, in some places 109 ft. high.” This stream was part of the river Anio itself; a great dam was made across the river in a rocky part, about 2 miles above Subiaco. A great loch (_lacus_) was formed between this dam and a natural cascade about a hundred yards higher up the river, and a _specus_ was cut in the rock by the side of it at rather a lower level than the top of the dam, so that the water of the river must go into the _specus_ and so into Rome, before any of it could fall over the artificial cascade made by the dam. From this cause the water of this aqueduct never failed in the hottest and driest weather, but it was sometimes muddy after a flood in the upper country, and had many _piscinæ_ or filtering-places for that reason; there is usually one at each half mile in the arcades near Rome, and a _castellum aquæ_, or reservoir along with it, at each of the angles, made to break the force of the water. 9. CLAUDIA[247] (A.D. 38). The source of this is 38 miles on the Via Sublacensis, just above Subiaco, about 2 miles nearer to Rome than the Anio Novus. They are carried in two distinct _specus_ as far as Tivoli and to the foot of the hill, but on the level ground; both _specus_ are carried on a lofty arcade, which turns at an angle at every half-mile, and there has a _piscina_, and at each of these points it was carried across the lower arcade, which served for the Marcia, Tepula, and Julia.