Schliemann, 54, 60, 61, 65, 166, 180 Schools, Babylonian, 138 Schulz, 31, 32, 160, 161 Schweinfurth, 108, 123 Scimitar, Semitic invention, 65, 66; of Hadad-nirari, 157 Seal-cylinder, 111, 112, 114, 117, 118, 140, 152, 180, 181, 184; dwarfs on, 128; from Herat, 184; in Cyprus, 140; in Troy, 180 Sellin, 157 Semite culture, origin of, 30; influence, 49, 52, 86, 90; religion, 93 _et seq._; kings deified, 95 Semites in Babylonia, 86 Semitic Empire, 69, 87 Semitic family of speech, 89; languages, 70, 72; types, 73, 74 Sennacherib, 21 Shadûf, 99, 130, 131 _et seq._ Shalmaneser I., 172 Shalmaneser II., 179; annals of, 21 Shechem, 198, 204 “Shepherd” kings, 93 Sidonian seals, 35, 152 Silver, name of, 58 Sin (Sinai), 128, 129 Sippara, 46, 79, 142 Spouted vases, 134 Subari, 172, 181 Sumer, language of, 28, 29, 68 _et seq._, 86 Sumerian, 24, 28–30, 69; animism, 94; civilization, 98–100; culture, 98; -- in Canaan, 138; dialects, 29, 69; origin of, 74; origin of culture, 75; physical type, 72; priest, 96; study of, 29, 30; survival in Southern Babylonia, 88 Sumerians, the, 67 _et seq._ Susa, 26; excavations at, 27, 46, 73; pottery of, 47, 53; metal age of, 49 Swords, earliest, 65; in Cyprus, 65; in Krete, 65 Syros, 53 Taanach, excavations at, 148 _et seq._, 152, 157, 199, 212 Tablets, writing-, 82, 84 Talîsh, excavations at, 55 Tarkhundaraba, 175 Taylor, 55, 78 Tel el-Amarna, 136, 188; tablets, 33, 35, 136, 144, 167, 168, 172, 174, 177, 178, 187, 191, 193, 195, 196, 197, 200, 205 Tel el-Hesy, 147. _See_ Lachish Tello, 29, 40, 53, 55, 72, 73, 91, 121, 122; pottery of, 48 Thothmes III., annals of, 156 Thureau Dangin, 29, 87, 91, 141 Tiglath-pileser I., 173 Tigris, 80, 102, 103 Tin, 60, 64 Toprak Kaleh, 166, 171 Trees, sacred, in Egypt, 123 Troy, 54, 60, 61, 65, 166, 171, 182 Tychsen, 10 Uan, 175, 200 Ur, 78, 85, 141; excavations at, 55 Valle, Pietro della, 8 Van (Biainas), 31, 161, 164 Vannic, 31, 162; deciphered, 32, 162, 163, 164; deities, 165; kings, 31, 32 Vases, Egyptian, 121, 128 Vases of hard stone, 82, 121, 133 Vine, home of, 59, 165 Vishtaspa, 13 Vyse, 62 Ward, Hayes, 40, 79 Week, Babylonian, 122; Cappadocian, 172 Weissbach, 27 Westergaard, 16, 25 Wheat, 132; in prehistoric graves, 108 Wood, use of, 83, 84 Writing material, primitive, 83 Xerxes, 12, 35, 161; Persian form of, 12; name of, on vase, 13 Ya’qub-el (_see_ Jacob-el), 145 Year, division of, 122 Yortan, pottery of, 171 Zend, 10