four cardinal points of the heavens first beginning at the East and ending with the North. He now presented the pipe to me, as if desirous that I should smoke, but when I reached my hand to receive it, he drew it back and repeated the same c[e]remony three times, after which he pointed the stem first to the heavens then to the center of the magic circle smoked himself with three whifs and held the pipe until I took as many as I thought proper; he then held it to each of the white persons and then gave it to be consumed by his warriors. This pipe was made of a dense semi-transparent green stone very highly polished about 2-1/2 inches long and of an oval figure, the bowl being in the same direction with the stem. A small piece of birned clay is placed in the bottom of the bowl to seperate the tobacco from the end of the stem and is of an irregularly rounded figure not fitting the tube perfectly close in order that the smoke may pass. This is the form of the pipe. Their tobacco is of the same kind of that used by the Minnetares Mandans and Ricares of the Missouri. The Shoshonees do not cultivate this plant, but obtain it from the Rocky mountain Indians and some of the bands of their own nation who live further south."[328] [317] Smith, (a), Figs. 48 and 55; (b), Fig. 139. [318] Museum negative no. 44506, 6-7. [319] Spinden, p. 188, Figs. 4 and 5, Plate IX. [320] Moorehead, Fig. 457, p. 316, Figs. 9, 17, 22 and 25. [321] Lewis and Clark, II, p. 342. [322] Smith, (b), Fig. 139. [323] Smith, (a), Fig. 48. [324] Smith, (b), Fig. 139. [325] Smith, (h), p. 34. [326] _Ibid._, Fig. 7. [327] _Ibid._, p. 36. [328] Lewis and Clark. II, p. 341.