Human degenerates, however, do not form a new type, but are on the decline to extinction. They are those who lack personality; that is, they are not moulded into harmony with a social environment which unfolds self-consciousness. They are strictly biological only when they are congenital and therefore not educable. They are social degenerates when they are the product of a degraded education. Both factors are radical. A born idiot can never be other than an idiot. On the other hand, the deprivation during childhood and youth of language and education, as shown by Caspar Hauser, or the wolf-boy of Agra, or the experiment of Emperor Akbar, leaves the normal natural endowments as idiotic as though they never existed. The two factors vary independently through all degrees. Education ranges from the slums to the pure firesides. The congenital equipment varies from the idiot to the genius. The relative weight of these two factors is a matter of statistics. Absolutely speaking, heredity is everything; relatively, its social significance depends upon the actual proportion of abnormal to normal births. The highest estimate I am able to make of the total number of degenerates, both born and induced, is five and one-half per cent of the population, as follows: ESTIMATED TOTAL OF DEFECTIVES PER MILLION POPULATION. Census estimate (1890). Insane 1,697 Feeble-minded 1,526 Deaf and Dumb 659 Blind 805 Prisoners 1,315 Juvenile delinquents 237 Almshouse paupers 1,166 ----- 7,405 Outdoor Criminals (five times the number of inmates) 7,760 Tramps (McCook, 1895, New Haven Conference of Charities and Correction, 85,768) 1,308 Drunkards (Crothers, 1893, Chicago Conference, 1,200,000, equal to about 10 per cent of voting population) 19,000 Prostitutes (weighted average of Levasseur's estimate for rural (600) and urban (11,200 to 17,200) France, in "La Population Française," vol. ii, p. 434) 5,000 Outdoor Paupers (weighted average of report at Nashville Conference, 1894, 46 per cent in Penna. to 2.2 per cent in N. Y.) 15,000 ------ 55,473