The existence of a marked desire for progress by all classes is now clear, and that this is largely due to foreign missionaries is admitted by all[72]—gratefully by the Armenians and Christians generally, but often with chagrin by the Turks, who find themselves being rapidly left behind in the forward march which they have been too stupid or too proud to fall in with. It is, however, very gratifying to see that the Mohammedan leaders in both Church and State are at length becoming aware of the marked intellectual awakening and substantial progress that education has quietly brought about among the Christian races. Robert College on the Bosphorus stands at the head of the many well equipped American institutions in Turkey which have largely contributed to these results. We gladly recognize the wisdom and energy of His Majesty the present Sultan, in trying to establish Moslem schools throughout his empire, some of which are already quite large, creditable, and popular with the Turks. It cannot be doubted that these schools will lead ultimately to an awakening and a desire for reform and progress among Moslems which will make them no less restive under present conditions than are the non-Moslems to-day, and thus hasten the necessary reforms. While most hearty praise is due His Majesty for fostering and even forcing education among his Moslem subjects, it is greatly to be regretted that there is another side to this policy as carried out by his agents, namely, an equal zeal in curtailing and even closing, as far as possible, Christian schools. The hostility of the Sublime Porte has been growing, just in proportion as the excellent results of American institutions, already enumerated, have appeared. Does the Turkish Government desire that its hostility be considered the most convincing proof of the success of disinterested efforts to benefit its subjects of all classes? And does it propose to continue to cripple and suppress such efforts? If so, it is not the two hundred and fifty American missionaries in her borders who will suffer, but the many schools and churches which they have planted and the many thousands of peaceable and hitherto loyal subjects, who have been taught in them to serve God as well as honor the king. APPENDIX A. A BIT OF AMERICAN DIPLOMACY IN TURKEY. THE CASE. (Foreign Relations of the United States, 1884, pp. 538–539.[73]) (Inclosure in No. 317.) _Mr. Wallace to Aarifi Pasha._ Note Verbale. LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES, _Constantinople, January 24, 1884_. The legation of the United States of America has the honor to invite the attention of his highness, the minister of foreign affairs, to the matters following: