Russia has of late years considerably increased her fleet, spending her substance chiefly on large ironclads, which appear to be the fashion nowadays. Her biggest ironclads are those in the Black Sea. The Russian Navy should not be, all the same, considered as a very powerful one, for a great many of her ironclads and torpedo-boats are out of date, and not up to the requirements of modern naval warfare. The Russian fleet numbers altogether— Men-of-war 21 Monitors and cruisers 44 Torpedo-vessels and gunboats 21 Torpedo-boats (old and new) 140 Sailing-vessels, etc. 50 Transports, etc. 123 Coast and harbour service 50 Boat-flotilla 33 --- Total 482 --- [Sidenote: +ITALY.+] The naval forces of Italy have increased very rapidly during the last twelve years. At present they number— Men-of-war 19 Corvettes 19 Torpedo-vessels and avisos 26 Gunboats 10 Torpedo-boats 122 Transports and survey-ships 19 Harbour and coast service 92 Auxiliary ocean steamers 7 --- Total 314 --- [Sidenote: +AUSTRIA.+] Austria also has considerably increased her fleet. It now consists of— Men-of-war and cruisers 15 Torpedo-vessels and gunboats 15 Corvettes, Transports, and avisos 21 Torpedo-boats 56 Harbour and coast service 19 --- Total 126 --- [Sidenote: +GERMANY.+] The latest recruit to the Naval Powers is Germany, “last not least,” of whose naval organisation we will give a few details. The officers of the German Navy consist of 2 “Station-Chiefs” at Kiel and Wilhelmshaven with 2 flag-lieutenants, 3 vice-admirals, 17 post-captains, 33 corvette-captains, 64 “captain-lieutenants,” 120 lieutenants, and 114 sub-lieutenants. Besides these, there are 100 naval cadets, and engineers, paymasters, and surgeons in proportion. The men, when on shore, are formed into 2 Divisions of seamen and 2 Divisions of dockyard men, at Kiel and Wilhelmshaven. Besides these, there is a Division of “ship-boys,” a Naval Police Corps, 2 battalions of Marine Infantry at Kiel and Wilhelmshaven, and 2 companies of Marine Artillery at Friedrichsort and Wilhelmshaven, and the Naval Medical Department. The Marine Reserve and “Seewehr” are formed similarly to the Army Reserve and Landwehr.