Philadelphia, early labor organizations, 21, 22; weaving center, 26; first Trades' Union in, 29; Trades' Union of the City and County of, 30; number of union members (1834), 34; strike (1835), 37; sabotage in, 38; strike benefits, 39; coöperative movement, 45-46, 47; strikes, 57; unemployment (1857), 62; ribbon weavers' strike (1880), 67; Knights of Labor in, 81; cordwainers (1806), 171; cordwainers' strike (1792), 172; hatters' union victory, 182; Lawrence strikers start for, 204; Workingman's party, 220-221; workingmen's political clubs, 221-222. Phillips, Wendell, and ten-hour movement, 53; and eight-hour day, 71; nominated Governor of Massachusetts, 237. Pinkerton detectives opposed by People's party, 236. Pittsburgh, becomes manufacturing town, 26; union in, 34; strikes, 57; riots, 67; Federation of Organized Trades established (1881), 89; railway strikes (1877), 174. Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad, Brotherhood and, 136; Place, Francis, 17, 18. Plumb plan of railroad operations, see Government operation of Railroads. Poindexter, Miles, Senator, and I. W. W., 216. Politics, Labor and, 68, 74, 220 et seq.. Populist party, 235, 242; see also People's party. Port Jervis (N. Y.), Firemen's Brotherhood organized at, 152. Portland (Ore.), I. W. W. at, 202. Postal savings banks, advocated by People's party, 236. Powderly, T. V., Grand Master of Knights of Labor, 79-80, 84. Prison reform, 42. Progressive party, 232. Progressive Labor party,233. Pullman strike, 172, 174, 195, 243, 253. Q Quinlan, Patrick, 208. R Railway Brotherhoods, 133 et seq. Railway Conductor, The, 150-151. Reading, railway strike (1877), 174. Red Bank (N. J.), communistic experiment at, 41. Referendum, National Labor party on, 230 (note). Revolutionary War, new epoch for labor begins with, 21. Rhode Island, ten-hour law (1853), 54; labor politics, 227. Ripley, George, and Brook Farm experiment, 41. Rock Island Railroad, Stone on, 143-144. Roosevelt, Theodore, and Gompers, 98, 99; intervention in coal miners' strike, 129, 130; and Clark, 151; and Sargent, 154; defeated as mayor of New York City, 234; Federation of Labor opposes, 248. Ruskin, John, and labor conditions, 9. Russia, general strikes, 200. S Sabotage, 38, 201 et seq., 211. Sacramento (Cal.), I. W. W. trials (1919), 217; Workingman's party convention (1878), 240. St. Louis, union in, 34; Knights of Labor in, 82, 83; meeting of Knights of Labor and Farmers' Alliance, 235. St. Louis Central Trades and Labor Union, 181. San Diego, I. W. W. in, 213-215. San Francisco, stablemen's strike (1880), 67; "floaters" winter in, 190; labor situation (1877), 238; Workingman's Trade and Labor Union of, 239. Sargent, F. P., 154. Scandinavia, general strikes in, 200. Schaffer, Theodore, 126. Schenectady, union in, 34. Scranton (Penn.), Powderly at, 79. Seaman's Act (1915), 247 (note). Seamen's Union, 117. Sexton, James, 257. Shaw, Albert, 146. Shaw, Chief Justice of Massachusetts, opinion in Commonwealth vs. Hunt, 60-61.