Times, Los Angeles, dynamiting of building, 175. Toledo, (O.), conference of Labor Reform and Greenback parties, 231. Trade unions, beginnings, 29-39; temporary eclipse, 40; new species in the early fifties, 58-59; organization of special trades, 60; organization, 112; conventions, 112-113; local unions, 114-116; characterization of different trades, 116-117; disputes as to authority, 117-118; adjustment to changing conditions, 117-118; advantages of amalgamation, 119; and labor leaders, 121 et seq.; purpose, 168; and collective bargaining, 168-171; question of monopoly, 170-171; and strikes, 173-177; local autonomy, 177; union label, 184-186; restriction of output, 186-187; oppose use of military, 254; bibliography, 262. Trades' Union of the City and County of Philadelphia, 30. Transportation, demand for better, 27. Trautmann, W. E., 195; quoted, 198. Troy (N. Y.), union in, 34. Tulsa (Okla.), treatment of I. W. W. in, 216. U Unemployment, in 1857, 61-62; in 1873-1874, 66; "floaters," 190; among immigrants, 191; in San Francisco (1877), 238. Union Labor party, 233, 237; see also National Union Labor party. Union of Longshoremen, Marine and Transport Workers, 126. United Association of Journeymen Plumbers, Gas Fitters, Steam Fitters and Steam Fitters' Helpers, 119. United Brotherhood of Carpenters, 109. United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, 110. United Hatters of North America, 60. United Labor party, 233, 234. United Mine Workers, 112, 117, 128-129, 177, 181. V Van Buren, Martin, executive order for ten-hour day, 51. Van Hise, C. R., 146. Vermont, labor politics, 227. Virginia, class distinction in, 20. W Wages, beginning of controversy, 11-12; in 1784, 21; result of tailors' strike, 22; rise of, 22; in 1840, 28; carpenters', 31; strikes to raise, 36; Mooney on (1850), 43; issue, 69-70; Paris peace treaty and, 106; United Mine Workers and, 129; Arthur and engineers', 142; Stone and, 144; Eastern engineers demand standardization of, 145; Garretson and, 152; brakemen's, 157; Wilkins and, 158; Adamson Law and, 166; further increase for railroad employees, 167; Trade unions and, 168-169; State regulation, 250. Walling, W. E., 245. Washington (State), "hobo" labor in, 190, and I. W. W., 216. Washington, (D. C.), union in, 34; Knights of Labor, 84; headquarters of American Federation of Labor in, 97. Weaver, General J. B., 232, 236. Webb, Sidney and Beatrice, History of Trade Unionism, 14. Weed, Thurlow, 24. West Roxbury (Mass.), Brook Farm experiment at, 41. Western Federation of Miners, 174, 189, 192, 194. Whig party and ten-hour day, 53. Wilkinson, S. E., 157. Willard, Daniel, 146, 149. Wilson, Woodrow, quoted, 72; and Clayton Act, 100; and Garretson, 152; and threatened strike of Brotherhoods (1916), 163-164; and eight-hour railroad law, 164-166. Wisconsin, communistic experiment in, 41; eight-hour law for women and children (1867), 71; labor ticket (1888), 237; Socialist party (1918), 245.