the ‘Song of Lies,’ in which the singer turns the world topsy-turvy and hopes to be hung if a single word he says is true. The sentimental note is not so often struck, but we find it charmingly in such occasional songs as ‘The Traveller’s Return,’ and ‘From Yonder on the Mountains.’ Gagnon’s collection, made in 1865 (the earliest of all), contains a number of gentle and lovely airs, such as _C’est la belle française_. We may also notice in this book a number which have been transported from France and forgotten in the home country while they lived and flourished under their foster mother. Such a song is _Dans les Prisons de Nantes_. _Mon Per’ n’avait fille que moi_ is one of the most interesting examples of the old modal style. The Canadian songs are peculiarly addicted to the use of the refrain. This device, which is always a mark of unsophisticated playfulness, is relied upon to such an extent that one would call it excessive if the high spirits of the music and words did not carry the little game through to complete success. As so often happens, the refrain frequently has nothing whatever to do with the sense of the text. The primitive innocence of the mind is absolutely demanded of any singer who attempts, for instance, ‘The White Duck.’ On the whole, the Canadian songs, though very limited in range, can show a few types of folk-expression managed with such consummate art that they deserve a place in the folk-literature of the world. LITERATURE FOR VOLUME V (_In English_) A. B. BACH: The Principles of Singing (London, 1897). J. FRANK BOTUME: Modern Singing Methods (London, 1885). LENNOX BROWNE and EMIL BEHNKER: Voice, Song and Speech (2nd ed., London, 1884). ANNA CHAPIN: Makers of Song (New York, 1904). WILLIAM CHAPPELL: Old English Popular Music, 2 vols. (London, 1893). H. HOLBROOK CURTIS, M. D.: Voice Building and Tone Placing (New York, 1896). HENRY T. FINCK: Songs and Song Writers (New York, 1910). FFRANGCON-DAVIES: The Singing of the Future (London, 1904). Folk-Songs from Somerset, 5 vols. (London, 1904-8). HARRY PLUNKETT GREENE: Interpretation in Song (New York, 1912). MAX HEINRICH: Correct Principles of Classical Singing (Boston, 1910). H. L. F. HELMHOLTZ: The Study of Sensations of Tone (Trans. by A. J. Ellis, 1875). W. J. HENDERSON: The Art of Singing (New York, 1906). GORDON HOLMES: A Treatise on Vocal Physiology and Hygiene (1879). JOHN HOWARD: The Physiology of Artistic Singing (1886). DORA JONES: Lyric Diction (New York, 1913). KICKSON AND NEAL: English Folk-song and Dance (Cambridge, Eng., 1905). H. E. KREHBIEL: Afro-American Folk-song (New York, 1914). LOUIS LABLACHE: Complete Method of Singing. FRANCESCO LAMPERTI: A Treatise on the Art of Singing (Trans. by J. C. Griffiths, 1876). LILLI LEHMANN: How to Sing (New York, 1912).